interactionalism

What was the sample in Becker's study?

60 Chicago High School teachers

What did Becker say teachers judged pupils on?

How close they fitted to the ideal pupil

Who was closest to the ideal pupil?

Middle class

How did Becker explain social class

ideal pupil= MC= teacher reinforced negative opinion of WC and SFP

Who did Cicourel and Kitsuse study?

Education counsellors

What did Cicourel and Kitsuse find?

\n Labelling disadvantages working class, allocated onto lower skill courses and seen as having less 'college potential'

What did Sharp and Green conduct there study on?

A child centred primary school where children develop at own pace

What did Sharp and Green find?

Middle class children who began reading with parents gained help they needed and learned quicker

What did Gilborn and Youdell find?

Working class and black boys less likely to be perceived as having ability, lower tiers for GCSE

How did Gilborn and youdell explain social class

Lower tiers denies them the knowledge and opportunity needed to gain grades= widens gap in achievement

What did Rosenthal and jacobson do?

Told teachers they had a test to see who were 'spurters' (would spurt ahead) randomly picked 20% and told teachers they were 'spurters'

What did Rosenthal and Jacobson find?

Of the 20% labelled almost half were ahead. \n Shows positive labelling= positive outcome

What did Douglas find?

Children placed in low streams at age 8 suffered a decline in IQ by age 11 and vice versa- helps MC as MC placed in higher streams because seen as 'ideal pupil'

What are overall evaluation points on interactionism?

Useful at showing interaction within schools, labelling is too deterministic

Fuller

Study of black girls in London- SFP not always the case, labelling can be positive if the pupil works harder to prove a teacher wrong

How do Marxists criticise interactionists?

Ignore wider structure of power in which labelling takes place