SHS 300: Module 5

bones that form the nasal skeleton

-frontal bone, nasal bones, maxillae, palatine bone

bones that form the nasal septum

ethmoid and vomer bone

3 pharyngeal divisions

nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx

boundaries for nasopharynx

anterior: nasal b

posterior: posterior pharyngeal wall

superior: cranium

inferior: velum 

oropharynx boundaries

anterior: oral cavity

posterior: posterior pharyngeal wall

superior: velum

inferior: hyoid bone & anterior epiglottis

hypopharynx boundaries

anterior: base of tongue and laryngeal inlet

posterior: posterior pharyngeal wall 

superior: hyoid bone and anterior epiglottis

inferior: cricoid cartilage

4 paranasal sinuses

maxillary, front, ethmoid, sphenoid

paranasal sinsuses functions

lighten skull, voice resonance, air conditioning, mucus production, protection2

2 structures that form the velum

soft palate and uvula 3

3 main functions of velopharyngeal-nasal apparatus

ventilation, speech production, swallowing

possible movements of the pharynx

-lengthening/shortening

-inward/outward

-forward/backward

possible movements of the velum

-upward and backward

-downward and forward

how can velopharyngeal closure be acheived

1. elevate and retract velum

2. move the lateral pharyngeal walls inward

3. 1+2

   1. 1+2+ move the posterior pharyngeal wall forward

velopharyngeal movement when producing oral sounds

closed

velopharyngeal movement for producing nasal sounds

open

3 velopharyngeal-nasal control variables

-airway resistance

-sphincter compression = muscular pressure

-acoustic impedance

cranial bones

front, parietal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid, nasal, mandible`

specific parts of temporal bone

zygomatic, styloid, mastoid

hard palate bones

alveolar ridge

palatine process

palatine bone

superior pharyngeal constrictor

CN IX, X

assist with velopharyngeal closure

middle pharyngeal constrictor

CN IX, X

move posterior wall of pharynx forward and narrows diameter

inferior pharyngeal constrictor

CN IX, X

narrows diameter

salpingopharyngeus

CN IX, X

shortens and elevates pharynx

stylopharyngeus

CN IX, X

move the laterall walls of pharynx upward and inward

palatopharyngeus

CN IX

elevates pharynx and larynx

widen pharynx

levator veli palatini

CN IX, X

elevate and retract velum to close VP port

tensor veli palatini

CN V

musculus uvulae

CN IX, X

shorten and elevate velum

palatoglossus

CN IX, X

lower soft palate and elevate back of tongue

palatopharyngeus

CN IX, X

lower velum and narrow upper pharynx