Bio-H: Extra Information on Mutations

genotype

combination of alleles that create characteristics

phenotype

physical characteristics

What contributes to phenotype?

genotype + environment

phenotype plasticity

the extent to which an organism's appearance can change due to the environment

What does differentiation lead to? What are examples?

specialization of cells; organs and tissues

genome

complete instructions in DNA

How is gene expression shown in the genome?

regulating the accessibility of information

Transcriptome

actively transcribed instructions

Proteome

all of the proteins that a cell makes at a given time

How is gene expression shown in the transcriptome?

regulating transcription

How is gene expression shown in the proteome?

regulating translation

What happens when mRNA is longer?

it creates more proteins

nuclease

enzyme which breaks mRNA down to nucleotides

mutagen

agent that induces a permanent change to the genetic material of a cell

stomatic mutation

a mutation in a body cell; not heritable

germ-line mutation

a mutation in a reproductive cell; heritable