Test 3 Skeletal System

What’s the term Ossification

Starts turning into bone.Continues through adolescence

What’s the term Bones

Act as the framework of the body (support and protect the internal organs)

What’s the term Joint’s

Work in conjunction with muscles, ligaments and tendons (make possible the wide variety of body movement)

What’s the term Calcium

Mineral required for normal nerve and muscle function, is stored in bones

What’s the term Red bone marrow

Plays an important role in the formation of blood cells (located within spongy bone)

What’s the term Osteoclast

Cells break down old or damaged bone

What’s the term Osteoblast

Cells help rebuild the bone

What’s the term Ossification

Repairs minor damage from normal activity and also repairs bones after injuries, such as fractures

What’s the term Periosteum

Is the tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outermost covering of bone

What’s the term Compact bone

also known as cortical bone, dense, hard and very strong. Forms the protective outer layer of bones

What’s the term Spongy bone

also known as cancellous bone, is porous (sponge like), which makes it lighter and weaker than compact bone

What’s the term Medullary Cavity

central cavity located in the shaft of long bones and surrounded by compacted bone. It has red and yellow bone marrow stored here

What’s the term Endosteum

Tissue that lines the medullary cavity

What’s the term Red bone marrow

Is a hematopoietic tissue located within the spongy bone. Manufactures red blood cells, hemoglobin, white blood cells, and thrombocytes

What’s the term Hematopoietic

means pertaining to the formation of blood cells

What’s the term Yellow bone marrow

Functions as a fat storage area. Gradually replaces about half of red bone marrow after early adolescence

What’s the term Cartilage

Smooth, rubbery, blue-white connective tissue. This acts as a shock absorber between bones

What’s the term Articular Cartilage

Covers the surface of bones where they articulate or come together, to form joints

What’s the term Meniscus

curved, fibrous cartilage found in some joints

What’s the term Diaphysis

Is the shaft of a long bone

What’s the term Epiphyses

Wider ends of long bones such as the femurs of the legs

What’s the term Proximal Epiphysis

End of the bone located nearest to the midline of the body

What’s the term Distal Epiphysis

End of the bone located farthest away from the midline of the body

What’s the term Foramen

Opening through which blood vessels, nerves and ligaments pass

What’s the term Process

Is a normal projection on the surface of a bone that most commonly serves as an attachment for a muscle or tendon

What’s the term Joint

Also known as articulation are the place of union between two or more bones

What’s the term Fibrous Joints

Consisting of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, hold the bones tightly together

What’s the term Cartilaginous Joints

Allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage

What’s the term Breatbone

Where the ribs connect to the sternum (allow movement during breathing)

What’s the term Public symphysis

Allows some movement to facilitate childbirth. Located between the public bones in the anterior (front) of the pelvis.

What’s the term Ball-and-socket joints

such as the hip and shoulders, allow a wide range of movement in many directions

What’s the term Hinge joints

Such as the knees and elbows, are synovial joints that allow movement primarily in one direction or plane

What’s the term Synovial capsule

Is the outermost layer of strong fibrous tissue that resembles a sleeve as it surrounds the joint

What’s the term Synovial membrane

Lines the capsule and secretes synovial fluid

What’s the term Synovial fluid

Which flows within the synovial cavity acts as lubricant to make the smooth movement of the joint possible

What’s the term Ligaments

Are bands of fibrous tissue that form joints by connecting one bone to another bone or by joining a bone to cartilage

What’s the term Bursa

Is a fibrous sac that acts as a cushion to ease movement in areas that are subject to friction, such as in the shoulder, elbow, and knee joints where a tendon passes over a bone

What’s the term Axial Skeleton

Protects the major organs of the nervous, respiratory, and circulatory system

What’s the term Appendicular Skeleton

Makes body movement possible and also protects the organs of digestion, excretion and reproduction

What’s the term Cranium

is made up of the following eight bones, is the portion of the skull that encloses and protects the brain

What’s the term Auditory Ossicles

Are the three tiny bones located in each middle ear. Malleus, incus and stapes

What’s the term Nasal bones

Form the upper part of the bridge of the nose

What’s the term zygomatic bones

Also known as the cheekbones, articulate with the frontal bone that makes up the forehead

What’s the term maxillary bones

Form most of the upper jaw. These bones are also known as the maxilla

What’s the term palatine bones

Form the anterior (front) part of the hard palate of the mouth and the floor of the nose

What’s the term lacimal bones

Make up part of the orbit (socket of the eye) at the inner angle

What’s the term interior conchae

Are the thin, scroll-like bones that form part of the interior of the nose

What’s the term vomer bone

Forms the base for the nasal septum

What’s the term Mandible

What’s the term Thoracic Cavity

Also known as the rib cage, is the bony structure that protects the heart and lungs

What’s the term Ribs

The 12 pairs of ribs, which are also known as costars attach posteriorly to the thoracic vertebrae

What’s the term True Ribs

First seven pairs attached anteriorly to the sternum

What’s the term False Ribs

Next three pairs attached anteriorly to cartilage that connects to the sternum

What’s the term Floating Rib

Only attached posteriorly to the vertebrae but are not attached anteriorly

What’s the term Sternum

breast bone is flat dagger-shaped bone located in the middle of the chest

What’s the term Manubrium

Forms the upper portion of the sternum

What’s the term Body of the sternum

Also known as gladiolus , forms the middle portions of the sternum

What’s the term Xiphoid Process

Is the structure made of cartilage that forms the lower portion of the sternum

What’s the term Carpals

are the bones that form the wrist. Form a narrow bony passage known as the carpal tunnel

What’s the term Metacarpals

five bones that form the palms of the hand

What’s the term Phalanges

Are the 14 bones of the fingers (singular, phalanx). The bones of the toes are also known as phalanges

What’s the term Spinal Column

Protects the spinal cord and supports the head and body

What’s the term Body of the Vertebrae

Anterior portion of the vertebrae is solid to provide strength

What’s the term Lamina

Posterior portion of a vertebrae

What’s the term Vertebral foramen

Is the opening in the middle of the vertebra

What’s the term Intervertebral disks

Made of cartilage and pads of tissue separate and cushion the vertebrae

What’s the term Cervical

Known as C1 through C7. First seven vertebrae; form the neck

What’s the term Thoracic Vertebrae

Known as T1 through T12 are the second set of 12 vertebrae (have ribs attached)

What’s the term Lumbar Vertebrae

Known as L1 through L5, make up the third set of five vertebrae, and together they form the inward curve of the lower spine

What’s the term Bony pelvis

Protects internal organs and supports the lower extremities

What’s the term Pelvic Girdle

Includes sacrum & coccyx

What’s the term Sacroiliac

slightly movable articulation between the sacrum and posterior portion of the ilium

What’s the term Pubic symphysis

Cartilaginous joint that unites the left and right pubic bones

What’s the term Acetabulum

Also known as the hip socket

What’s the term Femurs

Largest bones in the body

What’s the term Patella

Known as the kneecap (bony anterior portion of the knee)

What’s the term Tibia

Larger, anterior weight-bearing bone of the lower leg (shinbone)

What’s the term Fibula

Smaller of the two bones of the lower leg

What’s the term Ankles

Joints that connect the lower leg and foot

What’s the term Metatarsals

Form the part of the foot to which the toes are attached

What’s the term Phalanges

Are the bones of the toes

What’s the term Arthritis

What’s the term Osteoarthritis (OA)

Known as wear and tear arthritis

What’s the term Gout (GOWT)

known as gouty arthritis; deposits of urate crystals in the joints

What’s the term Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

is a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and organs of other body systems are attacked

What’s the term Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS)

inflammation of the joints between vertebrae

What’s the term Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA)

Is an autoimmune disorder that effects children ages 16 or younger

What’s the term Psoriasis arthritis

Is an inflammatory form of arthritis (developed by about 20% of all people with the autoimmune skin disease psoriasis)

What’s the term Herniated disk

Also known as slipped or ruptured disk (breaking apart of an intervertebral disk resulting in a bulge that can put pressure on spinal nerve roots)

What’s the term Lumbago

known as low back pain (LBP)

What’s the term Spondylolisthesis

Is forward slipping movement of lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra or sacrum below it

What’s the term Spinal bifida

Is a congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy when the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord to protect it

What’s the term Kyphosis

hunchback; outward curvature (is frequently associated with weakening of the spinal bones due to aging)

What’s the term Lordosis

swayback is an abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine

What’s the term Scoliosis

Lateral curvature is an abnormal lateral (sideways) curvature of the spine

What’s the term Avascular necrosis

Also known as osteonecrosis is an area of bone tissue death caused by insufficient blood flow

What’s the term Osteitis

Inflammation of a bone

What’s the term Osteomalacia

Adult rickets is abnormal softening of bones in adults caused by vitamin D

What’s the term Osteomyelitis

Is inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone

What’s the term Piaget’s disease (PAJ)

Is a chronic bone disease of unknown cause