BioPsych

Biological perspective

focuses on brain, nervouse system, hormones, and more that influence behavior and mental processes

Behavioral Perspective

observable behaviors are learned and processed through stimuli in the environment or through interactions

Behavioral

reward system

Cognitive Perspective 

mental processes such as memory, problem solving, language, and learning

Problem solving

cognitive

memory

cognitive

language

cognitive

learning

cognitive

Piaget 

cognitive 

conditioning

behavioral

Pavlov

Behavioral

Watson 

Behavioral 

individual growth

Humanistic

Free-will

Humanistic

self- determination

humanistic

ones full potential 

humanistic 

Psychodynamic perspective

• Unconscious thoughts

• unconsious feelings

• childhood experiences

Freud

Psychodynamic

Evolutionary Perpective

• aid survival

• adaptations

Sociocultural perpective

social norms and expectations

Nature 

genes

Nurture

• Enviroment 

• working on what nature gave us 

Genetic predisposition 

increased likelyhood of developing a specific trait, condition, or disease due to inherited genetic factors

Identify which system

Central Nervous system

Parts of the CNS

• Brain

• spinal cord

Identify which system 

Peripheral Nervous System 

Parts of the PNS

• sensory nuerons

• motor nuerons

• nerves

What are the two subdivisions of the PNS?

1. Autonomic

2. Somatic

Somatic NS

1. communicates sensory information to the CNS like

• pain

• touch

• temp

• position

2. move or how to move from the CNS out to the various muscles needed

3. Voluntary Control

4. Involuntary Reflexes 

Autonomic 

controls

• glands

• internal organ

• muscles

regulates involuntary functions:

• heart rate

• breathing

• digestion

• blood pressure

Involuntary 

Subdivisions of Autonomic

Parasympathetic and sympathetic

Sympathetic

Fight or Flight

• pupils dialate

• salivation stops

• increased breathing and heart rate

• digestion stops

• stimulates glucose

• relaxes bladder

Parasympathetic

Rest and Digest

• constrifcts pupils

• salivation

• decresed heart rate

• digestion increases

• gallbladder

• contracts bladder

• relaves rectum

Identify the nueron

motor nueron

dendrites

recieve and integrate messages

axons

passes messages through

axon terminals 

send messages 

myelin sheath

increases speed and greater transmittion

deterieration of mylin sheath leads to

multiple sclerosis

reuptake and gap between nuerons is

synapse

Action potential 

A neuron sends a message by firing an impulse

what do glial cells do?

• support

• nourish

• protect

• guide

nuerons

depolarization

axon opening gates

refractory period

breif resting pause after nueron is fired

all or none responce 

nuerons fire or dont 

Threshold

level of stimulation required to trigger impulse

Sensory nuerons

Afferent

• carries mesages from tissues and receptors to CNS

Internuerons

nuerons in CNS procces info between sensory and motor

Motor nuerons 

Efferent 

• Carries instructions from CNS to rest of body 

Nuerotransmitter

chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gap between neurons and bind to the receptor sites on the receiving neuron, influencing whether that neuron will generate a neural impulse

Acetlycholine

• muscle action 

• memory 

• messages between motor nuerons 

Lack of Acetlycholine

Alzheimers

Dopamine

• muscle control

• positive emotion

• reward motivated behavior

Ex) excersize, foods, shopping, sex, addiction

Undersupply of dopamine

Parkinsons

Oversupply of dopamine 

schizophrenia 

Seretonin

• positive emotion

• tells us when to sleep

• sexual arousal

• hunger

Low levels of seretonin

depression

SSRI

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are used as antidepressants

Norepherine =

adrenaline

Norepherine

• alterness

• arousal

• exciting

Undersupply of Norepherine

depress mood

GABA 

slows down or turns off brain 

Undersupply of GABA

siezures and insomnia

Gluatamate

• excitatory neurotransmitter

• memory

• overstimulate the brain producing migraines or seizures

Endorphins

• pain or pleasure

• natural pain killer

• boost self esteem

• natural feel good drug

• may help to alleviate depression

endocrine system

secretes hormones instead of nuerotransmitters (hormones travel and take longer in general)

Adrenaline

• increases heart rate

• increased blood pressure

• increased blood sugar

• surge of energy

Autonomic

Oxytocin

“cuddle hormone” around friends

Psychoactive drugs

1. depressants

2. stimulants

3. hallucinogens

depressants 

calm neural activity and slow body functions

Stimulants

excite neural functioning and speed up body functions

Examples of depressant

• heroin

• alcohol

example of stimulant

caffeine

Hallucogens 

distort perception and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input

example of hollucogen

• extacy 

• marajuana 

agonist

increases neurotransmitter’s action

antagonist

inhibits neurotransmitter’s action

3 major parts of brain

1. forebrian

2. midbrain

3. hindbrain

Parts of the Hindbrain

• brainstem

• medulla

• pons

• reticular formation

• cerebellum

medulla function 

• breathing,

• heartbeat,

• blood pressure

• vomiting

• coughing

• sneezing

• Taste aversion

Autonomic

pons

• crontols sleep

• coorinates movement

• pain signals

Thalumus

egg shaped It relays most sensory signals to the cortex except smell

reticular formation

arousal awakeness

Cerebellum

little brain

• balance

• coordination

limbus

border

amygdala 

• fear

• agression 

opioids help

lesson pain and anxiety

Hypothalamus 

• eating

• drinking

• body temperature

• helps govern the endocrine system through the pituitary gland

• rewards center

• Maintains steady internal state

Hippocampus

memories

if damaged cannot make new memories (caused by concussion)

4 lobes

prefrontal, frontal, occipital, temporal

cerebral cortex

“Bark” of hempisheres (covers them)

the hemisphere constists of FPOT

Frontol lobe 

Higher level thinking (prefrontal cortex, motor cortex)

Temporal lobe

hearing

prefrontal cortex

• judgement

• planning

• social interaction

18-25

parietal lobe

• receives sensory input for touch and body position

occipital lobe

visual cortext (vision)

left side 

language 

Bronca

speaking

Wernicke

understanding language

corpus callosum

connects brain hemipsheres by neural fibers