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Constitution
a document that sets out the fundamental principles of governance and establishes the institutions of government
Republic
a government ruled by representatives of the people
Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union
a governing document that created a union of thirteen states in which the states, not the national government were supreme
Shays' Rebellion
a popular uprising against the government of Massachussets
Bills of Attainder
when the legislature declares someone guilty without a trial
Ex Post Facto Laws
laws punishing people for acts that were not crimes at the time they were committed
Virginia Plan
a plan of government calling for a three branch government with a bicameral legislature, where ,ore populous states would have more representation in Congress
New Jersey Plan
a plan of government that provided for a unicameral legislature with equal votes for each state
Great (Connecticut) Compromise
an agreement for a plan upon both the Virginia and New Jersey Plans, which called for a bicameral legislature with a House of representatives appointed proportionality and a senate apportioned equally
Three-Fifths Compromise
an agreement reached by delegate at Constitutional Convection that a slave would count three-fifths of a person in calculating a states representation
Checks and Balances
a type of government in which each branch has powers that can prevent the other branches from making policy
Federalism
the sharing of power between the national government and the states
Legislative Branch
the branch responsible for making laws
Expressed or Enumerated powers
authority specifically granted to a branch of the government in the Constitution
Necessary and proper or Elastic Clause
congress has the powers necessary to carry out its enumerated powers
Implied Powers
authority of the federal government that goes beyond its expressed powers
Supremacy Clause
constitutional provision declaring that the Constitution and all national laws and treaties are the supreme law of the land
Amendment
the process by which changes may be made to the Constitution
Federalists
supporters of the Constitution who called for a strong national government
Antifederalists
those opposed to the Constitution who favored a stronger state government
Faction
a group of self-interested people who use the government to get what they want
Federalists No. 10
an essay in which Madison argues the dangers of faction can be controlled by a large republic and republican government
Brutus No. 1
an Anti federalist paper arguing that the country as too large to be governed as a republic and that the Constitution gave too mic power to the national government
