Solutions

solution

homogeneous mixture, aqueous

(when salt is dissolved in the water, solute is salt and solvent is water)

unsaturated

a solution in which more solute could be dissolved in a given solvent

(crystals should dissolve and disappear into solvent)

saturated

solution containing the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given volume of solvent, saturated solution at equilibrium

(if you add crystals, settles to bottom of solvent)

supersaturated

solution contains more solute than normally would dissolve in a given solute

* very unstable, temporary
* usually made by COOLING a saturated solution, Jello

(if you add crystals to a supersaturated solution, the crystals causes the extra solute to crystalize)

SOLUBILITY

how much a solute will dissolve in a certain amount of solvent

* NOTE insolubility does not exist while solubility exists

soluble and insoluble

soluble: dissolves well and fast, materials with high solubility

insoluble: will not dissolve well or not at all, materials in low solubility

solids are represented by

all lines that show increases in solubility and increases in temperature (direct)

locating a gas

all lines that slope downward

(TG) Under the curve solution is? On curve solution is? Above curve solution is? This happens only when?

* unsaturated, saturated, supersaturated
* only if intersection of Grams of Solute vs. Temperature fails

(M) mixture

combination of two or more pure substances (elements/or compounds) that can be separated by physical means

(M) heterogeneous mixture

mixture of two or more pure substances in different physical states. vary in composition, not uniform throughout

(M) homogeneous mixture

mixture of two or more pure substances in the same physical state. constant in composition, uniform throughout

(M) alloy

mixture of two or more metal

* brass(copper, zinc)
* bronze(copper, tin)
* steel(iron, carbon)
* white gold(gold, nickel, palladium)

40g NaCl 100mL H2O

4g NaCl will be undissolved settled at bottom, saturated solution contains 36g NaCl

Solute

substance present in smaller amount and being dissolved

Solvent

substance present in larger amount and dissolves the solute

Lowest concentration of dissolved ions means..

Insoluble