Adam Exam 2 pt1

Civil Rights

-protected by the government

-ensures citizens aren’t treated arbitrarily

Antebellum Period

Pre Civil War

Missouri Compromise (1820)

-divided free and slave states along 36 30’

-post Louisiana Purchase

-added Maine (free) and Missouri (slave)

Compromise of 1850

-post Mexican Cession 

-California is added as free

-Fugitive Slave Act created 

Compromise of 1877

-effectively ended reconstruction

-saw the election of Rutherford B Hayes

-withdrew federal troops from the South allowing racism to again spread

Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)

-revoked Missouri Compromise

-allowed slavery to be decided by popular sovereignty

Started the Civil War

Election of 1860 (Lincoln) and later attack on Fort Sumter

Hiram Revels

First Black Senator, was elected in Mississippi

Robert Smalls

Escaped slave who took a boat to freedom and was later elected to Congress (South Carolina)

Andrew Johnson

-southern democrat from Tennessee who stayed loyal to the Union

-frequently clashed with Congress

-balanced Lincoln’s ticket

-wanted leniently Reconstruction process

Theddeus Stevens

-fought for radical slave reparations

-PA representative

John Bingham

-James Madison of the 14th Amendment

-from Ohio

-pushed for bill of rights to apply to states

Charles Sumner

Radical republican who was beat by cane for speaking against slavery

13th Amendment

-abolition of slavery

14th Amendment

-citizenship clauses that nullified Dredd Scott decision

-equal protection and due process clauses

-restrictions on the states and confederate war debts

15th Amendment

-right to vote cant be denied on race

-written purposely gender neutral

Black voting decreased post Civil War because of…

-violence against blacks

-registration requirements 

-poll taxes

Republican Party

-made in 1850s from the Wigs

-”free labor, free land, free men” (no slavery)

-party shifted away from civil rights in the late 1800s due to demographic shifts

De Jure

-codified into law

De Facto

-exists in custom of fact, not law