Fall Science Exam

For Mrs heroin LCA 7th grade science um

Scientific Method

An organized set of procedures used by scientists to investigate questions.

Hypothesis

A prediction based on observations that can be tested.

Independent Variable

The factor that is studied by the experimenter, always plotted on the x-axis.

Dependent Variable

The factor being measured in the experiment, always plotted on the y-axis.

SI Units

Standard units of measure including meter for length, liter for volume, Kelvin for temperature, gram for mass, second for time, and ampere for electric current.

Density

Mass per unit of volume.

Organism

A living thing that has all the characteristics of life and is made of one or more cells.

Homeostasis

The ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment.

Biotic Factors

The living things in an environment, such as predators and prey.

Abiotic Factors

The non-living things in an environment, including weather and soil.

Mutualism

A symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit.

Autotroph

An organism that produces its own food, typically through photosynthesis.

Nucleus

The organelle that protects DNA and controls the activities of the cell.

Prokaryote

A type of cell that has no nucleus or organelles.

Eukaryote

A type of cell that contains a nucleus and organelles.

Cell Membrane

Regulates what enters and leaves the cell, making it selectively permeable.

Cytoplasm

The substance that holds everything in place within the cell.

Photosynthesis

The process used by chloroplasts in plant cells to convert sunlight into sugar.

Mitochondria

The organelle responsible for breaking down food to release energy (ATP) during cellular respiration.

Ecosystem

A community of living organisms and their interactions with their environment.

Food Chain

A linear sequence of organisms through which nutrients and energy pass as one organism eats another.

Cell Theory

The three basic principles that state all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic units of life, and all cells come from other cells.

Cellular Respiration

The process by which cells break down glucose and obtain energy.

Chloroplasts

Organelles in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs.

Trophic Levels

The levels in a food chain, classified based on how organisms obtain energy.

Biomass

The total mass of living matter within a given area.

Food Web

A complex network of interrelated food chains in an ecosystem.

Symbiosis

A close relationship between two different species.

Adaptation

A characteristic that enhances an organism's ability to survive in its environment.

Biodiversity

The variety of life in a particular ecosystem or on Earth as a whole.

Carbon Cycle

The process by which carbon is exchanged among the biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere.

Water Cycle

The continuous movement of water within the Earth and atmosphere.