Social Reproduction Theory and the Sociology of Family

Flashcards covering Social Reproduction Theory, Marxist frameworks, demographic shifts in Aotearoa, and the sociology of gender, parenting, and family power dynamics within the family according to the lecture notes.

What is the term used by Dorothy E. Smith to describe the 'ideological code' of a married couple where the male is the earner and the female is the household manager?

The Standard North American Family (SNAF)

In Karl Marx’s model, what two layers constitute the structure of society?

The Base (forces and relations of production) and the Superstructure (political-legal and ideological layers)

According to Lise Vogel and Tithi Bhattacharya, what does Social Reproduction Theory (SRT) argue capitalism needs to reproduce?

Society and labour-power, beyond just biological reproduction

What is the formula provided for the Capitalist Circuit?

$$M \rightarrow C(M_p + L_p) \rightarrow P \rightarrow C' \rightarrow M'$$

What is the formula provided for the Worker's Circuit?

$$M \rightarrow A_c \rightarrow P \rightarrow L_p \rightarrow M$$

In the production process, what is identified as the unique commodity capable of creating surplus value ($'$)?

Human labor-power ($L_p$)

How did Toni Morrison characterize the function of racism and transphobia?

As a distraction that forces people to justify their own existence

What case study did Anne Fausto-Sterling use to demonstrate that biological sex is a spectrum?

The case of Maria Patiño, who had $XY$ chromosomes and Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (CAIS)

How does Judith Butler conceptualize the process by which bodies become sexed?

Through performativity, which involves the citation and performance of norms such as hair removal

Which activists in Aotearoa advocate for collective self-defense over 'safetyism' in response to attacks on library events?

Aliyna Chisholm and Ti Lamusse

What were the Māori urban residency percentages in $1945$ and $2013$?

Māori urban residency rose from $25\%$ in $1945$ to $84\%$ in $2013$

What was the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) in New Zealand in $2016$, and how does it compare to the replacement rate?

The TFR was $1.87$, which is below the replacement rate of $2.1$

According to the lecture, what is the current percentage of cohabitation in New Zealand?

$$16\%$$

According to Smock and Schwartz, why is marriage increasingly considered a 'luxury good'?

Because it is increasingly seen as being for the economically stable and maps to socioeconomic and educational privilege

How does the feminist scholar Jackson characterize the institution of marriage?

As 'heterosexuality's central institution' and a site of subordination

According to Lise Vogel, how does capitalism use physical differences like pregnancy and lactation?

To justify a social division of labour that benefits capitalism

What did Alexandra Kollontai and Kirsten Ghodsee observe regarding women's relationships in socialist states like East Germany?

Women experienced better relationships and higher rates of orgasm due to economic independence from men

What is the 'Motherhood Mandate'?

The view that parenthood is a mandated expression of womanhood

In Stacey's continuum of parenting desires, who are the 'refuseniks'?

People, often men, who refuse the mandate of parenthood

How did Ellen Willis define forced childbearing?

Slavery

According to Janet Fanslow and Elizabeth Robinson, what is the prevalence of sexual violence among adult women in post-2015 Aotearoa?

Approximately $1$ in $5$ adult women

What is the structural cause suggested for male violence in the workplace context?

Violence serves to release emotional pain that is suppressed by male workers in the workplace

How does Evan Stark define 'Coercive Control'?

The micro-regulation of a partner's daily life as a response to women's equality

What is the difference between Horizontal and Vertical segregation in the workforce?

Horizontal segregation refers to genders being in different industries; Vertical segregation refers to glass ceilings

What are the three dimensions of power identified by Lukes?

Overt (decisions), Covert (agenda setting), and Hidden (ideological acceptance of inequality)

What are the three types of money management in Jan Pahl's typology?

Joint pooling, allowance systems, and independent management

What are the three levels of 'Triple Level Motherhood' identified in the context of post-separation?

Institutional (state privatization of dependency), Interactional (negotiating with partners), and Individual (self-surveillance against 'good mother' ideals)

According to the lecture, what three resources are required for success in a $50/50$ shared care model?

Two stable homes, proximity, and low conflict

What does the term 'Metabolic Rift' refer to in the context of the potential futures of the family?

Capitalist growth leading to environmental collapse and human extinction

What is the 'Communist Alternative' for the future of the family?

Abolishing the family as an organ of exploitation and collectively organizing social reproduction to end the material basis of misogyny