Studied by 32 PeopleTags & Description
Janus
God of beginnings, endings, transitions, and time
The Renaissance
Rebirth of art, literature, and science in Europe during the 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries
Florence
Industrial powerhouse of fabric in Italy
Venice
Industrial powerhouse of fabric in Italy
Ottoman Empire
(Turks) The most powerful empire in the region (Islamic/middle east) during the middle ages
Alum
mined resource used for dying cloth found in the ottoman empire, traded for Florence
Patron
A person who provides financial support for the arts
Medici Family
Powerful and wealthy family in Italy that were secular patrons
"Big Three" Artists
Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael
Classism
The admiration and imitation of Greek and Roman art, literature, architecture, and philosophy
Humanism
Study of humanities, believed that man was capable of great things
Perspective
Art technique by drawing solid objects on a 2d surface to give it a depth when view from a certain point
Vanishing Point
Art technique of creating the illusion of 3d depth on a 2d surface
Gothic Architecture
Architecture style popular during the middle ages
Northern Renaissance
Located in the Netherlands, Germany, and Flanders, focused on commoners and depicted real life scenes
Secularism
A trend away from looking to religion for answers
Rationalism
Using reason and logic as the reliable basis for testing any claims of truth
Individualism
A concept that values individual creativity
Divina Comedia (Divine Comedy)
First major work to be written in the vernacular (Tuscan Italian Dialect)
Dante Alighieri
Wrote Divina Comedia
Il Principe (The Prince)
Founding of modern political Science
Niccolo Machiavelli
wrote Il principe
William Shakespeare
Considered the greatest writer of all time, used vernacular, and enhanced the English language
Vernacular
The common language of a given region
Proliferate / Proliferation
For something to grow and spread
Theology
Study of religion
Universal Themes
Something everyone can relate to
Machiavellian
A term used to describe someone as cunning and deceitful with their attempts to achieve desired politcal goals
Fall of Constantinople
Ottomans defeat Byzantine Empire, who had Constantinople as it's capitol, which got renamed Istanbul in 1930
Byzantine Empire
When Rome split, the Byzantine Empire became eastern Rome
Prince Henry the Navigator
The Portuguese son of the king, started the navigation school in Sagres. made huge advances in blue-water sailing
Bartolomeu Dias
Portuguese sailor who sailed around the southern tip of Africa (cape of good hope)
Vasco de Gama
Portuguese sailor who came to India and established a trade route
Ferdinand Magellan
Portuguese sailor who made the first round trip around the world, got killed in the Philippines
Conquistadores
Wanted god, gold, and glory
Hernan Cortes
Conquered the Aztecs
Francisco Pizarro
Conquered the Incas
Pre-Columbian
belonging to the time period before Columbus arrived in America (before 1492)
Zheng He
Sailor during the Ming dynasty, explored Asia, African Coast, Middle east, Philippines, had 200 ships and was technically a slave
Columbian Exchange
The widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, and ideas between the New World (Americas) and the Old World
Smallpox
Killed 90% of Native Americans
Syphilis
Spread throughout Europe
The Road Not Taken (Frost)
Poem signifying China turning inward while they were more healthy/Advanced than Europe, while Europe looked outward
Idealogical
A certain view or set of beliefs, based on ideas
Ecological
Based on Earth, related to living organisms
Johannes Gutenberg
Created the printing press and moveable type
Geocentric
Belief that the earth is the center of the universe
Heliocentric
Belief that the sun is the center of the universe
Ptolemy
A roman astronomer who supported geocentric view
Nicholaus Copernicus
Polish astronomer who supported heliocentric view
Johannes Kepler
Provided mathematical support for the heliocentric model, and studied planetary movements, more accurate than Copernicus
Galileo
Invented the telescope, proved Copernicus' theories based on observations, church didn't like him
Capitulate
To give into pressure
Issac Newton
Created idea of gravity, created laws of motion still used today
Newton's Laws of Motion
Body in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon, body at rest will stay at rest unless acted upon, force=mass+acceleration, every action has an equal and opposite reaction
Francis Bacon
Invented / Perfected the scientific revolution
Rene Descartes
Philosophy / Science "I think, therefore I am", cartesian doubt
The Reformation
The splitting of Christianity into Catholics and Protestants
Indulgences
Forgiveness of sins, guaranteed one's place in heaven
Wittenberg
In Germany
Johann Tetzel
Priest who sold indulgences in Germany
Martin Luther
German monk who wrote 95 theses, for he thought indulgences were wrong
95 Theses
Reasons why Martin Luther didn't agree with the church, written by Martin Luther
Sola Fide
"Only Faith" You can't rely on your actions alone
Pope Leo X
Kicked Martin Luther out of the church, excommunicating him.
Excommunicate
To be cast out from the church and unable to receive sacraments
John Calvin
A protestant whose followers were called Calvinists, stressed the bible
Pre-destination
The soul's fate is determined by God before birth
King Henry VIII
King of England, had 6 wives to try and have a son, head of Anglican church (church of England)
Annul
To declare invalid; to cancel
Anglican Church
The Church of England
Anne Boleyn
A noble servant, married King Henry VIII (2nd wife)
Act of Supremacy
Made Henry VIII the head of the Anglican Church
Anglican / Episcopal Church
The church of England, called Anglican in England, called episcopal in the US
What caused the "Renaissance"?
The rediscovery of Greek and Roman texts through the Crusades, and money in Italian City states
Why were Italian city-states rich?
Wealthy merchants ruled Italy, and were mini industrial powerhouses like Venice and Florence
What themes can be seen in Italian Renaissance Art?
Human form, Greek and Roman influences
What new artistic techniques were developed during the Renaissance?
Perspective, Lighting, Realism
How did Renaissance Literature differ from previous literature? Effects?
It had a lot of influences from Greece and Rome
What was the significance of the Fall of Constantinople
It ended up cutting Europe off from the silk road, and what was left of the Roman Empire was defeated
How did the Age of Exploration affect the global balance of power?
Because of the Columbian Exchange it started new economic and ecological beginnings as well as political power
How did China and Europe differ in their approaches to exploration? Effects?
China turned in on itself and didn't let anyone else through, Europe did the opposite and looked outwards, allowing them to make more advancements
What were the major impacts of the Columbian Exchange?
Diseases like Smallpox and Syphilis killed large portions of the population, Slavery became big, Christianity and Democracy spread
How did the invention of movable type affect Europe?
The amount of people that can read increased by a lot, as well as knowledge and the use of vernacular