BUSN 110 - Specialized Vessels and Trades

industrial carriers

serves the needs of particular industrial enterprises (use and ownership)

Description: operates exclusively for the parent enterprise, part of the company’s plant and transportation properties

Purpose: control over delivery schedules, reduce transport costs

ensure careful handling of cargo

Classification: BY USE — employed for a single industrial owner

Cost: substantial capital investment but eliminates middle-man charter profits

Design Features: conventional or purpose-built — design is second to use

Cargo Types: raw materials or finished goods, crude oil, steel, newsprint

Advantages: schedule reliability, cost savings, optimized routes, independence

Examples:

• Exxon

• Dole Fruits

• Crown Zellerbach newsprint

special carriers

meets the demands specific to certain types of cargo (design and cargo type)

Description: design is tailored to carry a specific cargo with max efficiency

Purpose: carry particular cargo with max efficiency, cost-effective, rapid movement, and safe

Classification: structure optimized for specific commodity regardless of ownership

Cost: expensive — costs distributed across charterers/users

Design Features: specialized hulls, cargo-handling systems, insulation, ramps, and cranes

Cargo Types: LNG, bulk cement, chemicals, cars, refrigerated produce

Advantages: shipment of difficult cargos, low per-ton cost, minimal port time

Examples:

• Polar Alaska LNG carriers

• Wallenius Pure Car carriers

passenger vessels

• may have deep cultural, religious, and historical significance

  • Noah’s Ark, Nile Pharaohs, Dwarka Port

• NYC — 1st steam-powered ferry — The Nassau — between Brooklyn and Manhattan 05/10/1814

• 1900s NYC — 147 vessels

  • Ferry: 6 routes, 20 boats, 60 NM, $325 million

    • must comply with Passenger Vessel Service Act of 1886

largest ferry system in the US

Washington State Ferries

ocean liners

• one destination to another

• built for transportation of passengers and goods

  • lower in the water with pointed bow

  • extra thick hull

  • high speeds

  • bridge and lifeboats close to top

• SS France

cruise ships

• multiple port calls

• built for leisure

  • rests higher

  • standard hull thickness

  • standard speed — 33 kts

  • design for leisure (onboard entertainment)

• SS Norway

cruiseferry

combines features of a cruise ship and a ro-passenger ferry

• passengers travel for the cruise experience, staying only a few hours at destination port or stay on ship

• others use as means of transportation

research and expedition vessel (REV)

182.9 m 17,440 tons $350-500 million 36 crew 54 scientists

• state of the art sampling, observation, mapping, and communication equipment for research

transitional or repositioning cruises

• difficult to market

• one way airplane

• few and unusual port calls, long voyages

• range limits

passenger ship operations

• ticket pricing similar to aviation

• open registries

• low taxes

• crew from 3rd world countries

  • low slaries

  • long contracts

  • penalties for breaking contract

  • cultural challenges

  • HR practices

energy independence and security act 2007 — title XI

short sea transportation defined as the carriage by vessel of cargo

• that is contained in intermodal containers and loaded by crane on the vessel

• that is loaded/unloaded at a port in the US

coast guard and maritime transportation act of 2012

increase domestic freight or passenger transportation utilization and efficiency on Marine Highway routes

national defense authorization act 2016

short sea shipping to include freight vehicles carried aboard commuter ferry boats and cargo shipped in discrete units

national defense authorization act 2020

short sea shipping to marine highways

national defense authorization act 2023

• america’s marine highway program to us marine highway program

• definition to include bulk, liquid, and loose cargo and shipments from canada and mexico

• remove project designations as eligibility requirements

• rural and tribal applicants to request increase in federal share

marine highways

Congestion Mitigation: overrides traffic problems — 2x by 2035

Infrastructure Maintenance and Growth: cheaper alternative to building more highways ($17-60 mil per lane) and maintenance

Homeland Security: adds redundant modes for public and DOD considerations

Safety: removes hazardous cargo from urban roads and reduces accidents

Environmental: potential for net reduction of emissions

Maritime Industrial Base: strengthens US flag fleet, adds volume to US shipbuilders (increases ship building efficiency), reduce cost of navy vessels, significant economic output

Transportation System: increased good capacity and improved utilization of resources

longest ship on the great lakes

M/V Paul R Tregurtha

1013.5 ft with 68,000 tons available and 71,000 tons of coal

260 ft boom empty 5 cargo holds in 8 hours

charybdis

first US based Jones Act installation vessel

• $500 mil

• can transport and install foundations and turbines in 213 ft depth

• 472 ft hull, width of 184, and 58,000 square feet

• boom with length 426 feet and 2,200 tons

uss pastores (1912)

united fruit company as cruise ships and reefer

WWI store ship

ro ro ships

20% of liner vessels other than container ships

-handle passenger vehicles and trucks

LCTC - vehicles and heavy lift cargo

ConRo

hybrid of ro ro and container ship

• below storage for vehicles and stack containerized freight on top decks

LMSR

MSC RoRo type cargo ships

• purpose built to carry military cargo

RoLo

hybrid with raps for vehicles and cargo decks only accessible when the tide changes

RoPax

freight vehicle transport along with passenger acoomodation

RoRo Shipping

• car should be in running condition so it can be driven onto the ship

• owner is not allowed to ship their personal belongings with car

• guarantees reliable departure and arrival dates

• least expensive shipping method

• does not have global routes

• not highly secured

• more effective when shipping a single car — faster

container car shipping

• store car in a container and does not need to be in running condition

• allows for spare tires and other items

• does not have reliable departure and arrival dates

• cost is higher than RoRo

  • but consolidated containers share the cost between 2-4 vehicles

• global

• more secure

  • sealed from the elements and only touched by shipper and receiver

• individual container gives best control over shipping process

advantages of floating nuclear power plant barge

• virtually no land or concrete used

• earthquake resistant

• easily transported for relocation

• surrounded by water for cooling

• available to remote locations