DHO Chapter 8.1 - Life Stages

Growth

refers to the measurable physical changes that occur throughout person’s life

development

refers to the changes in intellectual, mental, emotional, social, and functional skills that occur over time

physical GD

body growth

mental GD

intellectual development

emotional GD

feelings

social GD

interactions and relationships with other people

assimilation

process by which a person’s mind takes in information from the environment

accommodation

process of changing cognitive ideas based in new information

equilibrium

a balanced environment

Mora/startle reflex

response to a loud noise or sudden movement

rooting reflex

response to a slight touch on the cheek

sucking reflex

response to a slight touch on the lips

grasping reflex

response when an object is placed in the hand

2-4 months

rolling from side to the back occurs

6-8 months

sit unsupported, grasp moving objects, transfer objects from one hand to another occurs

12 months

walk without assistances occurs

6 months

understanding of some words and basic sounds occurs

4-6 months

show of distress, delight, anger, disgust, and fear occurs

6 months

becomes shy and with draws from strangers occurs

12 months

mimic and imitation of gestures and facial expressions occurs

2-4 years

learning of bladder and bowel control occurs

4 years

decisions based on logic instead of trial and error occurs

6 years

decisions based on past and present experiences occur

2 years

display of frequent temper tantrums occur

6 years

less anxiety when faced with new experiences occurs

6 years

friends of their own age become important

autism

spectrum of conditions that impair the ability to communicate and interact

signs of autism

avoiding eye contact, delayed language, persistent repetition, difficulty understanding other’s feelings

abstract concepts children understand in late childhood

loyalty, honesty, values, morals

puberty

the development of sexual organs and secondary sexual characteristics

causes of conflict during the emotional development of adolescents

feeling inadequate and insecure, worrying about appearance, abilities and relationships, family values

reasons people abuse chemicals

anxiety and stress relief, peer pressure, escape from problems, experimenting

signs of suicide

appetite and sleep changes, withdrawal, depression, neglect of hygiene, drug abuse, self harm

major changes individuals make during early adulthood

education, career, marital partner, lifestyle, values, family

factors of satisfaction

job stability, financial success, good health

factors of stress

job loss, fear of aging, marital problems

physical changes that may occur during late adulthood

skin wrinkles, age spots, hair thinning, stooping posture, hearing and muscle loss, weak bones

events that require emotional adjustment during late adulthood

retirement, death, physical disabilities, financial problems

infancy

months of age

early childhood

1-6

late childhood

6-12

adolescence

12-18

early adulthood

19-40

middle adulthood

40-65

late adulthood

65 or more

life stages

certain stages if growth and development from birth to death