The Skeletal System

What does the skeletal system consist of?

Organs called bones

How many bones does an adult have?

206 Bones

Functions of the skeletal system

framework, protection, levers, production of blood cells, storage

Long Bones (extremities)

Epiphysis, Diaphysis

Epiphysis

two ends of the bone

Diaphysis

long shaft of bone

medullary canal

cavity in the diaphysis

yellow marrow

fat, cells that form WBCs

Long bones

red marrow, Periostewn, Axial Skeleton, Appendicular skeleton

Endosteum

lines the medullary canal

Red marrow

found in certain bones, produces RBCs, platelets, and some WBC's

What 2 parts is the skeleton divided into?

axial and appendicular

The axial skeleton contains

skull, spinal column, ribs, breastbone

appendicular skeleton consists of

shoulder girdle, pelvic girdle, arm bones, leg bones

Skull consists of

cranium, facial bones, sinuses, foramina

How many bones are in the cranium?

8 bones

Cranium

spherical, surrounds, and protects the brain

Sinuses

air chambers

foramina

nerves and blood vessels

How many vertebrae in spinal column?

26

What are the 26 vertebrae?

7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 1 sacrum, 1 coccyx

How many pairs of ribs?

12

How many true ribs?

7

How many false ribs?

5

How many floatings ribs

2

shoulder/pectoral girdle and upper extremities

2 clavicles, 2 scapulas, humerus, radius, ulna, carpal, metacarpals, Phalanges

Pelvic girdle and lower extremity

two os coxae (hip bones), femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

hip bones (two os coxae)

ilium, ischium, and pubis

Joints

Areas where two or more bones join together

ligaments

Connective tissue that connects bone to bone

Diarthrosis (synovial)

freely movable joint

examples of

Diarthrosis (synovial)

shoulder, knee, elbow

Amphiarthrosis

slightly movable joint

Example of

Amphiarthrosis

ribs to vertebrae

Synarthrosis

immovable joint

What is synathrosis?

suture joints in craniu

Spinal curvatures

kyphosis, lordosis, scoliosis

Arthritis

inflammation of a joint

Bursitis

inflammation of a bursa

Osteomyelitis

bone inflammation usually caused by a pathogen (infection)