3.1.1 polymers & monomers + major biological molecules

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16 Terms

1
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What are the 4 key elements that we are made up of?

  • Carbon

  • Nitrogen

  • Oxygen

  • Hydrogen

Cats Never Order Hamburgers

2
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How many bonds can each key atom form with other atoms?

  • Carbon atoms can form 4 bonds with other atoms

  • Nitrogen atoms can form 3 bonds with other atoms

  • Oxygen atoms can form 2 bonds with other atoms

  • Hydrogen atoms can form 1 bond with other atoms

3
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What do all form of life on earth use to build proteins?

The same 20 amino acids

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What are monomers?

small, single units that form a polymer

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What are polymers?

long chains of monomers

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Examples of polymers

  • Carbohydrates

  • Proteins

  • Lipids

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Examples of monomers

  • Monosaccharides

  • Amino acids

  • Nucleotides

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What happens in a condensation reaction?

  • joins two monomers together

  • A chemical bond is formed

  • A molecule of water is released

<ul><li><p><span style="color: red"><mark data-color="yellow" style="background-color: yellow; color: inherit">joins </mark></span>two monomers together</p></li><li><p>A chemical <span style="color: red"><mark data-color="yellow" style="background-color: yellow; color: inherit">bond </mark></span>is formed</p></li><li><p>A molecule of <span style="color: red"><mark data-color="yellow" style="background-color: yellow; color: inherit">water is released</mark></span></p></li></ul>
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What happens in a hydrolysis reaction?

  • Splits a polymer into two monomers

  • A chemical bond is broken

  • A molecule of water is required

<ul><li><p><span style="color: red"><mark data-color="yellow" style="background-color: yellow; color: inherit">Splits </mark></span>a polymer into two monomers</p></li><li><p>A chemical bond is <span style="color: red"><mark data-color="yellow" style="background-color: yellow; color: inherit">broken</mark></span></p></li><li><p>A molecule of water is <span style="color: red"><mark data-color="yellow" style="background-color: yellow; color: inherit">required</mark></span></p></li></ul>
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What are the 6 major biological molecules?

  1. Proteins

  2. Lipids

  3. Carbohydrates

  4. Nucleic acids

  5. Water

  6. Vitimans and minerals

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Role of carbohydrates?

  • Energy store and supply

  • Structure (in some organisms)

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Role of proteins?

  • Structure

  • Transport

  • Enzymes

  • Antibodies

  • Most hormones

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Role of lipids?

  • Make up membranes

  • Energy supply

  • Thermal insulation

  • Protective layers

  • Electrical insulation in neurones

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Role of vitamins and minerals?

  • Form parts of some larger molecules

  • Take part in some metabolic reactions

  • Act as coenzymes or enzyme activators

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Role of nucleic acids?

  • Information molecules

  • Carry instructions for life

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Role of water?

  • Takes part in many reactions

  • Support in plants

  • Solvent for most metabolic reactions

  • Transport