Studied by 47 PeopleHow did Confucianism impact China?
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How did Confucianism impact China?
official philosophy of China, officials had to educated on Confucianism
How were the tang and song dynasties considered a golden age?
lots of land, bureaucracy, fast growing rice, inventions (gunpowder), silk road and trade, art
What were characteristics of Confucianism?
kindness, sense of propriety (courtesy, behaving right, respect for elders)
What is filial piety?
respect for family especially elders
How is Buddhism in China an example of cross-cultural interaction?
Buddhism spread to China through Indian traders
how is Confucianism being used in Japan with a civil service exam illustrate use of foreign political ideals in new lands?
China did the same thing with bureaucracy
compare and contrast Buddhism and Confucianism
Buddhism a focus on giving up worldly desires,
Confucianism had a focus on relationships and how to treat others,
they both had rituals
What were the social classes of China?
1st- gentry 2nd- peasants 3rd- merchants
How were women treated in China?
as delicate objects meant to represent beauty (foot binding)
compare and contrast Japanese feudalism to European feudalism
japan had samurai who followed bushido, were based on Confucianism, samurai were paid in rice not land, samurai don't fear death, lasted until 1868, were very educated, women were strong, peasants paid with taxes
Europe had knights who followed chivalry, were based on roman customs/ Christianity, knights owned land and avoided death, were uneducated, women were fragile, peasants paid with crops
they both had peasants that were tied to land, warriors who dominated society, decentralized government, lords who rule over land and control warriors and peasants, hereditary class, code of ethics
How were japan, Korea, and Vietnam influenced by China?
japan- Buddhism, Chinese language/writing Korea-central rule, Confucianism, Buddhism, writing Vietnam- Buddhism, centralized government
What is the connection between food, population growth, and urbanization?
more food resulted in population growth. all those new people needed homes which led to urbanizatiion
How did China develop as an economic world power
through trade
What was the Chinese concept of mandate of heaven?
the emperor had to do good so that the good things would happen to the people. if not the people would think that the gods did not favor the ruler
How were Baghdad and Cordoba considered centers of Islamic culture?
both had large population, strong Muslim culture, and were connected to major trade routes
As Islam spread, what happened to rights of women?
they became more isolated and eventually had to veil themselves in public
What does Ibn Battuta show about Islam through his travels?
Islam is not as strict in non-Arabic countries
How did the Greeks influence the Islamic empires?
they valued knowledge and logic
Similarities between Judaism, Christianity, and Islam
monotheistic, books of faith, heaven and hell
What was the purpose of the hajj?
pilgrimage to mecca to be like Mohamed
What was Angkor Wat?
Hindu temple eventual converted to Buddhist temple
Characteristics of Buddhism and Hinduism
budhhism-nirvana (release from worldly desires), reincarnation, middle road
Hinduism-universal soul,, reincarnation, karma, moksha, cyclical time
Comparisons between the major religions- Buddhism, Hinduism, Judaism, Christianity, Islam
believed in deity(s), afterlife, punishment after death, and morals
What happened to religions as they spread into other lands?
they became syncretic with local beliefs
Why did many in Hinduism convert to Buddhism and Islam, especially from the lower classes?
the cast system in Hinduism restricted them from becoming wealthy/having rights
Characteristics of the Inca and Aztecs that made them civilized
Aztecs-theocracy, powerful army, empire of tribute states
Inca- theocracy, major roads, wellfair state with large bureaucracy
What was the mit'a labor system in Incan times?
all able-bodied citizens had to work a certain number of days during the year in return for care
n central America with the Aztecs, what was their staple crop? How about the Inca?
Aztecs-maize(corn)
Incas-potatoes
How was knowledge of agriculture spread throughout sub-Saharan Africa?
through the migration of the Bati people
In eastern africa- what is evidence for the continued importance of long- distance trade?
the slave trade
What did indigenous African political systems look like?
societies based on families
What did the bantu speaking peoples spread?
their language and metallurgy
Characteristics of Europe in the middle ages
feudalism, decentralized government, powerful pope/church
How was Europe in the middle ages considered decentralized?
everyone relied on local rulers for everything
the period 1200- 1450, what were the jobs of African and European women? Roles in society? How about Islamic women?
took care of children, if not nobility work in fields,
Islamic women- forced to stay home, can only talk to father and husband
What were motivations of the Crusades
to get rid of quarrelsome knights, take back the Holy Land, reunite Christendom, create a way for younger sons of nobility to obtain land
effects of the Crusades
lessened power of pope, strengthened trade between Europe and Asia, bad stigma for Muslims to Christians
Examples of Religious Syncretism
Shinto in japan, Christianity in Ethiopia, Daoism and neo-Confucianism in china
How Each of the religions spread/ cultural diffusion
merchants, trade, missionaries, jihad in islam
Continuities and Changes in women's roles
caretakers, European women gained more rights over time, Muslim women lost rights over time
Compare and contrast the mit'a labor system and serfdom in Europe
mit'a- certain number of days, followed government, government controls them
serfdom- all the time, tied to land, controlled by manors and local authorities
both- work for the government, farming/other tasks, paid in protection/housing/food