DNA Structure & Function Quiz

These flashcards cover vocabulary related to DNA structure and function, focusing on mutations, DNA replication, and associated concepts.

Mis-sense mutation

Refers to a change in one amino acid in a protein arising from a point mutation in a single nucleotide.

Non-sense mutation

A mutation that converts a codon (a triplet of bases) that encodes an amino acid into a stop codon.

Frame-shift mutation

A mutation caused by a deletion or insertion in DNA sequence that shifts the way the sequence is read.

Silent mutation

Mutations in DNA that do not significantly alter the phenotype of the organism in which they occur.

DNA replication direction

DNA replication proceeds in the 5' to 3' direction.

DNA replication semi-conservative

During DNA replication, each new DNA molecule contains 50% of the parent DNA.

DNA polymerase

The enzyme that adds nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing DNA strand.

Pyrimidines

The two DNA bases that are pyrimidines are cytosine and thymine.

Histone protein

DNA wraps around a histone protein in a structure called a nucleosome.

Strands in DNA molecule

There are 2 strands of DNA in a DNA molecule.

Hershey and Chase

Conducted experiments that demonstrated that DNA is the genetic material of bacteriophages.

DNA replication segments

The lagging strand is built in segments.

Nucleotides addition direction

Nucleotides are added in the 3' to 5' direction on the complementary strand.