6.3 Biological Positivism

What is Biological Positivism?

The fundamental proposition that behavior is, in part, determined by genetic and biological influences.

What are the three biological bases for behavior according to Biological Positivism?

1. Genetic disposition or predisposition
2. Acquired deficits and poisons causing permanent damage (e.g., birth trauma, heavy metal poisoning)
3. Transient biochemical problems (e.g., drugs, hormonal imbalances)

What do twin studies suggest about genetic predisposition?

Higher concordance rates for monozygotic twins (genetically identical) compared to dizygotic twins indicate a genetic predisposition to behavior, such as criminality.

What are the findings from adoption studies related to criminal behavior?

Children reared by non-familial parents show a higher risk of criminal behavior if both the biological father and the adoptive father have criminal behavior; however, if only the biological father is criminal, the risk is reduced.

What critiques are associated with Biological Positivism?

1. Early research linked to racism and attempts to confirm genetic differences between groups.
2. Oversimplification of complex social issues, labeling them as 'medical' problems.
3. The criminal behavior definition used in studies lacks depth, as it encompasses a broad set of behaviors.

What is implied about gender and crime in Biological Positivism?

The majority of crime (approximately 90%) is committed by males, suggesting a potential biological link.