Health Promotion and Illness Prevention – Lecture Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms related to health disparities, risk factors, prevention levels, health behavior models, and nursing roles from the lecture notes.

Health Disparities

Differences in health outcomes and access to care among population groups based on race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, gender, age, and other factors.

Factors Influencing Health Disparities

Racial and ethnic group, poverty, gender, age, mental health, educational level, disabilities, sexual orientation, and health-insurance/access to care.

Risk Factor

Any characteristic, habit, or exposure that increases the likelihood of illness or injury.

Modifiable Risk Factor

A risk factor an individual can change, such as lifestyle, health habits, or environment.

Nonmodifiable Risk Factor

A risk factor that cannot be altered, including age, genetics, and certain physiologic traits.

Primary Prevention

Activities that promote health and prevent disease or injury before it occurs, e.g., immunizations, accident-prevention education.

Secondary Prevention

Screening and early-detection measures with prompt diagnosis and treatment, e.g., regular medical, dental, and vision exams.

Tertiary Prevention

Actions taken after diagnosis to reduce disability and help rehabilitation, e.g., physical therapy post-stroke.

Health Promotion

The process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health.

Illness Prevention

Efforts aimed at avoiding the occurrence or worsening of disease.

Health Habits

Routine behaviors that positively or negatively affect health, such as diet, exercise, or smoking.

Health Belief Model

Framework explaining health behavior as influenced by perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, and barriers.

Health Promotion Model

Model (Murdaugh/Pender) showing how individual traits and behavior-specific knowledge interact with the environment to motivate health-promoting actions.

Revised Health Promotion Model

Updated version adding activity-related affect, commitment to a plan of action, and immediate competing demands/preferences.

Activity-Related Affect

Positive or negative feelings experienced during an activity that influence future health behavior.

Commitment to a Plan of Action

Personal decision to carry out a specific health behavior despite obstacles.

Immediate Competing Demands and Preferences

Unanticipated events or desires that can interfere with planned health actions.

Health-Illness Continuum

Concept viewing health and illness on a sliding scale from high-level wellness to death.

Agent-Host-Environment Model

Triad model (Leavell & Clark) describing disease as the interaction of an external agent, a susceptible host, and the environment.

Stages of Change Model

Behavior-change framework (Prochaska & DiClemente) outlining progression through precontemplation, contemplation, determination, action, and maintenance.

Precontemplation Stage

Stage in which a person is not yet considering change and has no intention to act.

Contemplation Stage

Stage in which a person recognizes a problem and begins to think about change but has not committed.

Determination (Commitment to Action) Stage

Stage where the individual intends to take action soon and starts planning specific steps.

Action Stage

Stage in which the individual implements the behavior-change plan.

Basic Human Needs

Fundamental physiological and psychological requirements essential for survival and health.

Self-Concept

An individual’s perception of personal identity, abilities, and worth that influences health behaviors.

Nursing Role Model

The nurse’s demonstration of healthy behaviors to encourage patients to adopt similar practices.

Use of Available Resources

Nursing strategy that connects patients with community and healthcare services to support health goals.