Chapters 4-7 SPED

IDEA definition of intellectual disability

subaverage intellectual functioning is a score of two or more standard deviations below the mean on standardized intelligence tests, an individual must also have significant difficulty with tasks of everyday living or adaptive behavior, the deficits must occur during the developmental period to help distinguish intellectual disabilities from other disabilities.

IQ test is administered by a

school psychologist or other trained professional

IQ test consists of.

a series of questions, problem-solving tasks, memory, and other items assumed to require a certain degree of intelligence to answer/solve correctly

True/False- IQ tests are standardized tests

True

True/False- an IQ test can show a deficit in cognitive function

True

Why can IQ tests show a deficit in cognitive function?

IQ tests are largely composed of verbal and academic tasks-the same things a child must master to succeed in school- they correlate highly with school achievement.

True or False- Students classified with ID will also have deficits in Adapative Behaviors such as communication, self-care, independent living, and/or work skills.

True

adaptive behavior is

the collection of conceptual, social, and practical skills that have been learned by people in order to function in their everyday lives.

the adaptive skills exhibited by a person with ID are critical factors in

determining the supports a student requires for success.

A student with an ID may have deficits in

memory, learning rate, attention, generalization and maintenance, and motivation, and adaptive behavior skills

True/False- Approximately 35% of children with ID have been diagnosed with a genetic disorder like Down Syndrome

True

True/False- since many students with ID learn more slowly, Task Analysis has been shown to be successful

True

task analysis

breaking down complex or multisteps into smaller subtasks

Active student response (ASR)

a detectable lesson-specific response during full class participation that offers more opprotunities to respond to teacher questions.

Transfer of stimulus control

gradually and systematically withdrawing response prompts

direct and frequent measurement

objective and frequent recording of the performance of behavior

IDEA definition of specific learning disability

a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or using language spoken or written.

specific learning disability does not include learning problems that are a result of

other disabilities, environmental, cultural, or economic disadvantage

True/False- A common type of specific learning disability is dyslexia or difficulty reading

True

Dyslexia

a specific learning disability that is neurobiological in origin

90% of all children identified with specific learning disability are referred because of

reading problems

dyscalculia

difficulty with math

dysgraphia

difficulty in writing

True/False- specific learning disability is the largest of all special education categories

True

38% of all school-aged children

have a specific learning disability

characteristics of specific learning disabilities

• severe low achievement despite generally effective instruction and normal IQ

• poor social skills

• attention deficit and hyperactivity

• challenging behavior and low self-esteem

• math underachievement and difficulty in reading and writing

• the difference between what students with learning disabilities are expected to do and what they can do grows larger over time.

• The difficulties experienced by children with learning disabilities are substantial and pervasive.

IDEA definition of emotional disturbance

inappropriate feelings or behaviors under normal conditions that is displayed over a long period of time and that adversely affects educational performance.

What is a characteristic of emotional disturbance related to learning?

Inability to learn not related to other factors.

What is a characteristic of emotional disturbance regarding relationships?

Inability to build or maintain relationships with peers/teachers.

What is a characteristic of emotional disturbance related to feelings or behaviors?

Inappropriate feelings or behaviors under normal conditions.

What is a characteristic of emotional disturbance regarding mood?

A general pervasive mood of unhappiness or depression.

What is a characteristic of emotional disturbance related to physical symptoms?

A tendency to develop physical symptoms or fears associated with personal or school problems.

characteristics of externalizing behaviors

antisocial, disruptive, behaviors like aggression, noncompliance, and property destruction

characteristics of internalizing behaviors

seldom play with others their own age, lack social skills needed to make friends and have fun, have phobias, complaints of being sick or hurt, depression, and they often retreat into daydreams and fantasies

Are depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder included in the IDEA definition of emotional disturbance

Yes

is socially maladaptive included in the IDEA definition of emotional distrubance?

No

Good proactive classroom management strategies include:

Structuring the physical environment of the classroom like the students with the most challenging behaviors sit nearest the teacher, establishing clear rules and expectations, minimizing downtime, providing students with the opportunity to make choices, keeping students actively engaged, praising and positively reinforcing desired behavior

curriculum goals for students with emotional/behavioral disorders should focus on

academic, social, and self-management skills

systematic screening should

be conducted as early as possible to identify children who are at risk for developing serious patterns of antisocial behavior

True/False- teaching appropriate social skills is an important curriculum focus for school-age students with emotional disturbance

True

token economy

An instructional and behavior-management system in which students earn tokens for performing specified behaviors. Students accumulate their tokens and exchange them at prearranged times for their choice of activities or items from a menu of backup rewards.

IDEA definition of autism

a developmental disability affecting verbal and nonverbal communication and social interaction, generally evident before age 3 that adversely affects educational performance.

if there is a serious emotional disturbance

autism does not apply

autism occurs across the full range of

intellectual disabilities

autism is a

neurodevelopmental disorder with no medical or physiological marker, and clearly has a genetic component

autism screening tools

-Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers M-CHAT

-Social Communication Questionnaire SCQ

-Autism spectrum screening questionnaire (ASSQ)

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)

provides a scientific approach to designing, conducting, and evaluating instruction based on verified principles describing functional relationships between events in the environment and behavior change

behavior principles like

positive reinforcement, shaping, and chaining are used to teach children to acquire skills in a planned, systematic manner

In ABA, children get the chance to

practice and use their skills across the day with different settings, people, and situations