Language Assessment and Semantic Knowledge Flashcards

Flashcards covering language assessment tests, vocabulary tiers, instructional word categories, mental lexicon organization, and morpho-syntactic structures as documented in the CLD 2 part 3 study notes.

Spaulding et al. (2006) Acceptable Tests

Tests with acceptable sensitivity and specificity: CELF-4, PLS-4, TEGI, TLC-E, and TNL.

CELF-4

Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals- Fourth Edition; used for ages 5 years to 21 years.

PLS-4

Preschool Language Scales - Fourth Edition; used for ages birth to 6;11 years.

Denman et al. (2017) Recommended Tests

1. CELF-4, 2. CELF-Preschool: 2nd Edition, 3. PLS-4.

Tier 1 words

High frequency words used in common daily conversation (e.g., come, see, happy, house).

Tier 2 words

High utility words in academic contexts (e.g., develop, experiment, transform, emphasize, imagine, fortunate).

Tier 3 words

Domain specific, technical terms (e.g., sensitivity, barometer, circumference, photosynthesis, specificity).

Spatial words

Instructional vocabulary involving location or placement, such as Below, above, and around.

Temporal words

Instructional vocabulary involving time or sequence, such as After, while, and when.

Logical words

Instructional vocabulary involving conditions, such as If and unless.

Directive words

Instructional vocabulary words such as Explain, compare, contrast, justify, analyze, and evaluate.

Superordinate level

The highest level of mental lexicon organization (e.g., animals).

Coordinate level

The middle level of mental lexicon organization (e.g., dogs, cats, lions, cows).

Subordinate level

The lower level of mental lexicon organization involving specific breeds (e.g., golden retriever, Pomeranian, german shep).

The 4 "I"s of poor semantic knowledge

Inaccurate, Incomplete, Imprecise, and Isolated.

Intransitive verbs

Main verbs that take 0 objects (e.g., it aches, the tree falls, I swim).

Transitive verbs

Main verbs that take 1 object (e.g., he eats the sandwiches, I hear a voice).

Ditransitive verbs

Main verbs that take 2 objects - a direct and an indirect object (e.g., He gives her the message).

Auxiliary (Helping) Verbs

Verbs used to help the main verb, such as in "He is running" or "They have been running."

Nouns

Words used to name people, things, places, or ideas.

Adjectives

Words used to modify, describe, or elaborate nouns and pronouns.

Adverbs

Words used to modify, describe, or elaborate verbs, other adverbs, or adjectives by indicating how and to what extent.

Prepositions

Words that show a relationship between nouns or pronouns and some other words in a sentence (e.g., At, between, Against, besides).

Interjections

Words used to express feelings or emotions that are strong and/or sudden (e.g., Huh!, Ouch!, Wow!).

Correlative Conjunctions

Pairs of conjunctions including both/and, either/or, neither/nor, and whether/or.

Simple sentence

A single main (independent) clause that forms a complete sentence on its own with only one main verb plus any auxiliary and modal verbs.

Compound sentence

A sentence that contains two or more main (independent) clauses.

Complex sentence

A single main (independent) clause plus one or more subordinate/dependent/embedded clauses.