free association
therapeutic technique central
to psychoanalysis in which the therapist
encourages patients to report, without
restriction, any thoughts that occur to them no
matter how irrelevant, unimportant, or unpleasant
what is the fundamental role in psychoanalysis
Free association
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free association
therapeutic technique central
to psychoanalysis in which the therapist
encourages patients to report, without
restriction, any thoughts that occur to them no
matter how irrelevant, unimportant, or unpleasant
what is the fundamental role in psychoanalysis
Free association
resistance
in psychoanalysis, when unwilling to disclose painful memories.
Freud believed ______ caused those
memories to be repressed in the unconscious
resistance
unconscious
the depository of hidden wishes, needs, and conflicts of which the person is unaware and filled
with sexual and aggressive impulses, and
unresolved issues
Freud believed a great deal of our behavior is
________ driven
unconsciously
dreams
the royal road to the unconscious
dream analysis
psychoanalytic technique used
to probe the unconscious through interpretation
of the patient’s dreams
Dream Analysis Process
analyze and interpret the symbols
present in the manifest content in an attempt to
discover the latent content or hidden meanings.
Believed symbols had universal meanings.
Freud’s 3 parts of mental life
conscious, preconscious, and unconscious
conscious
the ideas and sensations of which we
are aware
preconscious
contains the experiences that are
unconscious but that could be conscious easily
unconscious
contains the experiences and
memories of which we are not aware
instincts
the driving forces in personality, govern behavior, and motivate to seek gratification and
homeostasis.
Two main instincts that motivate us
life and death
life instincts
instinctive urges to preserve life, includes basic needs.
libido
originally sexual instincts, later revised to
psychic and pleasurable gratification of life
instincts.
death instincts
instincts to return to a state of balance, free of painful struggles before death. As a result,
comes aggression
three systems of the mind
id, ego, and superego
Id
The pleasure principle
Id
Original aspect of personality, rooted biologically,
consisting of unconscious sexual and aggressive
instincts.
Id
Immediate gratification
Ego
The executive functioning of personality.
Aims to balance the needs of the id and the
extremes of the superego in appropriate and
realistic ways.
Superego
Strives for perfectionism
Superego
Internalization of societal values instilled
primarily by parents to teach right and wrong
responses in given situations. Results in
satisfaction or guilt and shame
Superego
where our conscious comes from
Defense mechanisms
protect people against pain and are universal reactions, all meant to keep anxiety at bay
repression
unconsciously banish painful memories from consciousness
suppression
active and conscious attempt to stop anxiety-provoking thoughts by simply not thinking about them. (Stored in the preconscious)
denial
refusal to perceive an unpleasant event
in reality
displacement
unconsciously redirect anger on substitute objects or people
sublimation
form of displacement, though done by
displacing anger on ones socially acceptable.
regression
movement from mature behavior to
immature behavior.
projection
attributing our own undesirable
characteristics on to others
reaction formation
convert undesirable characteristics to their opposites
rationalization
justification of behavior through
the use of plausible, but inaccurate, excuses
intellectualization
dissociation between thoughts and feelings with elaborate rationale to explain unbearable pain
undoing
performing an act to nullify or make amends for an undesirable one
Psychosexual development
personality develops biologically
through a series of stages in which particular
behaviors occur in each
Stages of development
Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, and Genital
Fixation
defensive attachment to an earlier as a
result of a traumatic experience in a particular
stage
Oedipal complex
in the phallic stage, boys develop a sexual longing for their mother and sees their father his rival.
Oedipal complex results in what?
development of the superego
Electra complex
in the phallic stage, penis envy causes love for their father because he has the desired object
Electra complex results in what?
inadequate superegos
Freud’s three major assessment techniques
free association, dream analysis, and transference
Transference
characterized by ambivalence, attitudes of both affection and hostility, toward “parents” and are displaced onto the therapist
positive transference
special affection toward the therapist, usually develops first (praise, trust, falling in love)
counter transference
therapist’s reaction with personal feelings toward the patient
negative transference
showing anger and hostility toward the therapist