CQ1 - how healthy are australians?

i will definitely get a 90+ atar

Analyse the current health status of Australians from Australia’s Health and other health reports, tables and graphs. Including: 

• What does the data tell us?

epidemiology

the study of how often disease occurs in different population groups and attemps to determine why

Analyse the current health status of Australians from Australia’s Health and other health reports, tables and graphs. Including: 

• What does the data tell us?

measures of epidemiology

• mortality - rate of death

• infant mortality - rate of death from 0-1 years

• morbidy - rate of disease and illness

• prevalance - number of cases that exist in a population at a certain time

• incidence: number of new diagnosis over a period of time

• distribution - the extent of illness

• life expectancy

Analyse the current health status of Australians from Australia’s Health and other health reports, tables and graphs. Including: 

• What does the data tell us?

key trends in australia

• CVD mortality ↓ 80% since the 1960s 

• Cancer mortality ↓ by 32% over the last 30 years

• Prevalence of chronic conditions ↑ (e.g. dementia and mental illness)

• ↓ in risky behaviours (e.g. smoking, alcohol)

• ↑ in vaping, overweight and obesity 

• ↓ in CVD mortality for ATSI, but still a significant gap in health

Analyse the current health status of Australians from Australia’s Health and other health reports, tables and graphs. Including: 

• What are the major causes of morbidity and mortality, and the life expectancy for males, females and the general population?

major causes of mortality for the general population 

coronary heart disease (CHD), dementia, COVID-19, cerebrovascular disease, lung cance

Analyse the current health status of Australians from Australia’s Health and other health reports, tables and graphs. Including: 

• What are the major causes of morbidity and mortality, and the life expectancy for males, females and the general population?

major causes of morbidity for the general population 

• Morbidity (disease burden) - cancer ↓, mental health ↑, musculoskeletal, neurological ↑

• Morbidity (chronic conditions) - anxiety, back problems, depression, asthma, deafness

Analyse the current health status of Australians from Australia’s Health and other health reports, tables and graphs. Including: 

• What are the major causes of morbidity and mortality, and the life expectancy for males, females and the general population?

major causes of mortality for females

dementia, CHD, cerebrovascular disease, COVID-19, lung cancer

Analyse the current health status of Australians from Australia’s Health and other health reports, tables and graphs. Including: 

• What are the major causes of morbidity and mortality, and the life expectancy for males, females and the general population?

major causes of morbidity for females

dementia, anxiety, back problems

Analyse the current health status of Australians from Australia’s Health and other health reports, tables and graphs. Including: 

• What are the major causes of morbidity and mortality, and the life expectancy for males, females and the general population?

life expectancy of females

85.3 years (40% increase since 1900)

Analyse the current health status of Australians from Australia’s Health and other health reports, tables and graphs. Including: 

• What are the major causes of morbidity and mortality, and the life expectancy for males, females and the general population?

major causes of mortality for males

CHD, dementia, COVID-19, lung cancer, cerebrovascular disease

Analyse the current health status of Australians from Australia’s Health and other health reports, tables and graphs. Including: 

• What are the major causes of morbidity and mortality, and the life expectancy for males, females and the general population?

major causes of morbidity for males

CHD, back pain, suicide

Analyse the current health status of Australians from Australia’s Health and other health reports, tables and graphs. Including: 

• What are the major causes of morbidity and mortality, and the life expectancy for males, females and the general population?

life expectancy of males

81.1 years

Analyse the current health status of Australians from Australia’s Health and other health reports, tables and graphs. Including: 

• What are the sociological causes of risky health behaviours?

when is a health behaviour considered risky

a health behaviour is considered risky when there is a likelihood of negative health outcomes, e.g.:

• disease or illness

• immediate harm or injury

• long-term health consequences due to cumulative damage

• negative impacts of mental health

Analyse the current health status of Australians from Australia’s Health and other health reports, tables and graphs. Including: 

• What are the sociological causes of risky health behaviours?

sociological causes

the societal factors influencing human behaviour

Analyse the current health status of Australians from Australia’s Health and other health reports, tables and graphs. Including: 

• Where do inequities exist and what can we do about them?

inequities for males

• lower life expectancy than women - 4.1 years

• more likely to die prematurely

• more likely to engage in risky behaviours

• less likely to seek healthcare

Analyse the current health status of Australians from Australia’s Health and other health reports, tables and graphs. Including: 

• Where do inequities exist and what can we do about them?

what can we do about male health inequities?

• individual, social and govt intervention

• reduction of risk behaviours

• targeting health literacy 

• regular health checkups (early intervention) 

• increasing male’s physical and social access to healthcare facilities

Analyse the current health status of Australians from Australia’s Health and other health reports, tables and graphs. Including: 

• Where do inequities exist and what can we do about them?

inequities for females

• higher rates of poor mental health

• specific sexual and reproductive health needs

• more likely to experience sexual and domestic violence

• more likely to be misdiagnosed and mistreated for medical conditions

Analyse the current health status of Australians from Australia’s Health and other health reports, tables and graphs. Including: 

• Where do inequities exist and what can we do about them?

what can we do about female health inequities?

• more medical research conducted on females and specific medical conditions

• increase funding and female-centred medical facilities

• training for unconscious bias

• collaboration between healthcare providers and the individual 

Analyse groups experiencing inequities in health, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples and one other group 

Including: 

• What does the data tell us?

life expectancy for ATSI males and females

• males - 71.9 years

• females - 75.6 years 

Analyse groups experiencing inequities in health, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples and one other group 

Including: 

• What does the data tell us?

leading causes of death for ATSIs

1. coronary heart disease

2. diabetes

3. chronic lower respiratory diseases

4. lung, bronchus and trachea cancers

5. intentional self-harm 

Analyse groups experiencing inequities in health, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples and one other group 

Including: 

• What does the data tell us?

leading causes of disease burden for ATSIs

1. mental health and substance use disorders (23%)

2. injuries (12%)

3. cardiovascular disease (10%)

4. cancer (9.9%)

5. musculoskeletal conditions (8%) 

I

data for ATSIs when compared to non-Indigenous Australians

• ↑ mortality rates from chronic diseases like CVD, cancer and diabetes

• Infant mortality rates 1.5.x higher

• 3x more high or very high levels of psychological distress

• 4x more suicides 

• 2x likely to report health status as fair or poor

• 2x likely to have a disability or chronic condition 

• Higher rates of diabetes, chronic kidney disease, asthma, dentaldecay and gum disease

Analyse groups experiencing inequities in health, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples and one other group 

Including: 

• How do the determinants interact to affect the health of Indigenous Australians?

how do broad features of society affect the health of Indigenous Australians?

• historical impacts of colonisation

• systematic racism and discrimination

• govt policies and lack of representation - inequality in health, education and housing

Analyse groups experiencing inequities in health, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples and one other group 

Including: 

• How do the determinants interact to affect the health of Indigenous Australians?

how do socioeconomic factors affect the health of Indigenous Australians?

• lower income levels and higher unemployment

• lower education attainment

• inadequate housing and overcrowding

• geographical isolation

Analyse groups experiencing inequities in health, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples and one other group 

Including: 

• How do the determinants interact to affect the health of Indigenous Australians?

how do biomedical factors affect the health of Indigenous Australians?

• higher rates of chronic diseases

• shorter life expectancy

• intergenerational trauma

• limited access to early screening and treatment

Analyse groups experiencing inequities in health, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples and one other group 

Including: 

• How do the determinants interact to affect the health of Indigenous Australians?

how do environmental factors affect the health of Indigenous Australians?

• less access to clean water, sanitation and fresh food

• poor housing infrastructure

• environmental degradation

Analyse groups experiencing inequities in health, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples and one other group 

Including: 

• How do the determinants interact to affect the health of Indigenous Australians?

how do health behaviours affect the health of Indigenous Australians?

• higher smoking rates, alcohol misuse, poor nutrition

• lower physical activity due to unsafe environments/lack of facilities

• barriers to healthcare use - mistrust, costs, transport

• cultural connection and community programs

Analyse groups experiencing inequities in health, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples and one other group 

Including: 

• what are some of the causes that underpin the inequities in health?

• Ongoing impact of colonisation

• Disruption of cultural connection 

• Intergenerational trauma of the Stolen Generation

• Biomedical healthcare doesn’t address Indigenous needs

• Lack of culturally appropriate healthcare

Analyse groups experiencing inequities in health, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples and one other group 

Including: 

• what actions can be implemented to improve the health status of these groups?

• Training healthcare providers - e.g. expanding Aboriginal Community-Controlled Health Organisations (ACCHOs) 

• Improved access to quality education - e.g. Clontarf Foundation

• Involving Indigenous Peoples in decision making - e.g. National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Plan 2021-2031 

• Community-controlled health organisations - e.g. Danila Dilba Health Service

Analyse groups experiencing inequities in health, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples and one other group (rural and remote communities)

Including: 

• what does the data tell us?

when comparing the populations in R+R areas and major cities, R+R people see:

• Lower life expectancy 

• Higher burden of disease

• 1.4x higher mortality rates

• Higher mortality from CVD

• Higher rates of preventable cancer, avoidable deaths, injury, diabetes, suicide, asthma and respiratory illnesses

Analyse groups experiencing inequities in health, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples and one other group 

Including: 

• how do the determinants interact to affect the health of Indigenous Australians?

how do broad features of society affect the health of rural and remote communities?

• geographic isolation

• historical marginalisation and systematic inequality

• govt underfunding

Analyse groups experiencing inequities in health, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples and one other group 

Including: 

• how do the determinants interact to affect the health of Indigenous Australians?

how do socioeconomic factors affect the health of rural and remote communities?

• limited employment opportunities

• lower educational access

• higher living costs

Analyse groups experiencing inequities in health, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples and one other group 

Including: 

• how do the determinants interact to affect the health of Indigenous Australians?

how do biomedical factors affect the health of rural and remote communities?

• higher rates of chronic illness

• distance and transport barriers → lower immunisation and screening rates

• higher infant mortality and shorter life expectancy

Analyse groups experiencing inequities in health, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples and one other group 

Including: 

• how do the determinants interact to affect the health of Indigenous Australians?

how do environmental factors affect the health of rural and remote communities?

• extreme climates affect water supply, food quality and living conditions

• overcrowded and poor housing

• limited access to clean water and sanitation

• environmental damage → reduced opportunities for cultural and spiritual connection

Analyse groups experiencing inequities in health, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples and one other group 

Including: 

• how do the determinants interact to affect the health of Indigenous Australians?

how do health behaviours affect the health of rural and remote communities?

• limited access to health food → reliance on processed, high-fat foods

• fewer recreational facilities

• social disadvantage and stress → substance use

• past discrimination → mistrust in health services

• community led programs

Analyse groups experiencing inequities in health, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples and one other group 

Including: 

• what are some of the causes that underpin the inequities in heath?

what are some of the causes that underpin the inequities in heath for rural and remote communities?

• Limited healthcare infrastructure

• Lower SES, employment rates, and educational opportunities

• Under-resourced facilities

• Lack of specialists available

• Limited access to diagnostic services 

Analyse groups experiencing inequities in health, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples and one other group 

Including: 

• what are some of the causes that underpin the inequities in heath?

what actions can be implemented to improve the health status of rural and remote communities?

• Mobile clinics - e.g. cancer screening, vaccinations, preventative care 

  • NSW Health Mobile Dental Program 

• Build/upgrade services

• Working with communities to identify specific needs

• Incentives for healthcare professionals to work rurally

• The Stronger Rural Health Strategy - 10 year plan aimed at increasing the no. of R+R healthcare workers  

  • Visas for GPs program

Compare the health status of Australia with that of other OECD countries

what is the OECD?

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is an international organisation that develops policies for social, economic and environmental challenges

Compare the health status of Australia with that of other OECD countries

how does the OECD compare health outcomes and systems of countries?

• comprehensive data

• international benchmarking

• high-income focus

• policy guidance

Compare the health status of Australia with that of other OECD countries

Including:

• Where does Australia rank in relation to other OECD countries?

where is australia higher than average in?

• self-reported health

• mortality rates

• public and private health insurance coverage

Compare the health status of Australia with that of other OECD countries

Including:

• Where does Australia rank in relation to other OECD countries?

where is australia falling behind in?

• alcohol consumption

• obesity

Compare the health status of Australia with that of other OECD countries

Including:

• Where does Australia rank in relation to other OECD countries?

what does positive 2022 data say about Australia’s health?

• 1st for equity and healthcare outcomes 

• 3rd for overall healthcare performance 

• 4th for live expectancy 

• 4th in positive health perception  

• 5th lowest CVD mortality rate

• 21st in infant mortality, but below the average

• 6th lowest level of air pollution 

• Above average in % of adults with a tertiary qualification

Compare the health status of Australia with that of other OECD countries

Including:

• Where does Australia rank in relation to other OECD countries?

what does negative 2022 data say about Australia’s health?

• In the bottom third for providing equitable access to quality education

• Last in the gender gap for feeling safe when walking alone at night

• 8th highest no. of people 15+ overweight and obese

• 5th lowest proportion of daily smokers, but 5th highest proportion of e-cigarette users

Compare the health status of Australia with that of other OECD countries

Including:

• Where does Australia rank in relation to other OECD countries?

• Why might this be the case?

• Well-established public and private healthcare system 

• Medicare, PBS (Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme), NDIS (National Disability Insurance Scheme)

• Effective public health campaigns (e.g. National Tobacco Strategy, active kids vouchers) 

• Good economy with high educational attainment 

• Culture of outdoor activities and favourable climate

• Culture of drinking and poor diet

Compare the health status of Australia with that of other OECD countries

Including:

• Why do some countries rank higher or lower than Australia?

• Countries that prioritise preventative healthcare, social services and education → better health outcomes

• Cultural differences

• Well formed and stricter govt policies → lowers health issues

• Quality data collection skews data

Examine chronic conditions, diseases and injury in Australia, including cardiovascular disease, cancer and ONE other condition, disease and injury using Australia’s Health and other health reports

Types of CVD

artherosclerosis

when plaque made of fat, cholesterol and other substances builds up in arteries → narrows → restricts blood flow

Examine chronic conditions, diseases and injury in Australia, including cardiovascular disease, cancer and ONE other condition, disease and injury using Australia’s Health and other health reports

Types of CVD

arteriosclerosis

the general hardening and thickening of artery walls (naturally happens with ageing) → arteries less flexible → reduces blood flow → increases BP and the risk of heart attack/stroke

Examine chronic conditions, diseases and injury in Australia, including cardiovascular disease, cancer and ONE other condition, disease and injury using Australia’s Health and other health reports

Types of CVD

stroke 

blocked or burst blood vessel → restricted blood flow to the brain → brain cells start to die

• also known as cerebrovascular disease

Examine chronic conditions, diseases and injury in Australia, including cardiovascular disease, cancer and ONE other condition, disease and injury using Australia’s Health and other health reports

Types of CVD

heart failure 

a long term condition where the heart can’t pump blood as effectively as it should → fluid buildup in lungs, legs, abdomen → fatigue and breathlessness

Examine chronic conditions, diseases and injury in Australia, including cardiovascular disease, cancer and ONE other condition, disease and injury using Australia’s Health and other health reports

Types of CVD

peripheral vascular disease

• narrowed blod vessels → blood flow to areas outside the heart and brain, usually legs, is restricted → pain, numbness and even sores on legs/feet + increased risk of infection 

• often results from artherosclerosis

Examine chronic conditions, diseases and injury in Australia, including cardiovascular disease, cancer and ONE other condition, disease and injury using Australia’s Health and other health reports

Types of CVD

brain aneurysm

• a weakness in a blood vessel in the brain that balloons and fills with blood → high BP causes blood vessel walls to rupture or cause a stroke → life threatening bleeding in the brain

Examine chronic conditions, diseases and injury in Australia, including cardiovascular disease, cancer and ONE other condition, disease and injury using Australia’s Health and other health reports

Types of CVD

heart attack

• when blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked, often by a blood clot in a narrowed artery → prevents oxygen reaching heart muscle tissue → tissue damage → sudden death or impaired function

• also known as myocardinal infarction

Examine chronic conditions, diseases and injury in Australia, including cardiovascular disease, cancer and ONE other condition, disease and injury using Australia’s Health and other health reports

Types of CVD

hypertension

• medical term for high blood pressure (persistently above 140/90 mmHg)

• due to diets in high salt, high alcohol consumption, lack of physical activity 

Examine chronic conditions, diseases and injury in Australia, including cardiovascular disease, cancer and ONE other condition, disease and injury using Australia’s Health and other health reports

Including:

• What does the data tell us about the mortality and morbidity, prevalence and incidence rates of these conditions?

what data shows the extent of CVD in Australia?

• Grouped, CVD is the 2nd leading cause of death for Australians, behind grouped cancers

• When separated, coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death 

• CVD -  leading cause of disability (estimated 1.3M Australians)

• Approx. $5B spent each year on public hospital services for people with CVD - 11% of the total spend on hospital admissions

Examine chronic conditions, diseases and injury in Australia, including cardiovascular disease, cancer and ONE other condition, disease and injury using Australia’s Health and other health reports

Including:

• What are the risk and protective factors for these conditions?

risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD)

major risk factors

• family history 

• sex - mortality and morbidity higher in males, females can be underdiagnosed

• ageing - CVD risk increases as you age

other risk factors

• smoking

• high cholesterol

• high BP

• overweight and obesity

• physical inactivity

Examine chronic conditions, diseases and injury in Australia, including cardiovascular disease, cancer and ONE other condition, disease and injury using Australia’s Health and other health reports

Including:

• What are the risk and protective factors for these conditions?

protective factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD)

• not smoking

• balanced diet 

• regular health checkups to monitor cholesterol

• physical activity

• managing stress levels

Examine chronic conditions, diseases and injury in Australia, including cardiovascular disease, cancer and ONE other condition, disease and injury using Australia’s Health and other health reports

Including:

• Where and for whom are these conditions changing?

what is the condition of CVD for Indigenous Australians?

• higher rates of incidence and mortality than non-indigenous Australians

• risk factors (e.g. lower SES, higher smoking rates, obesity, high BP) → inequities

• last 15 years - hospitalisation rates ↑, mortality rates ↓

Examine chronic conditions, diseases and injury in Australia, including cardiovascular disease, cancer and ONE other condition, disease and injury using Australia’s Health and other health reports

Including:

• Where and for whom are these conditions changing?

what is the condition of CVD for people living in rural and remote areas?

• prevalance not impacted signifcantly by geographical location

• reduced healthcare access and prevention/early intevention resources → mortality ↑

Examine chronic conditions, diseases and injury in Australia, including cardiovascular disease, cancer and ONE other condition, disease and injury using Australia’s Health and other health reports

Including:

• Where and for whom are these conditions changing?

how do the conditions of CVD change based on socioeconomic status?

• SE disadvantage = greater risk of mortality from CVD

• expensive management of chronic conditions → diffferent access to healthcare and health behaviours → inequities rising

Examine chronic conditions, diseases and injury in Australia, including cardiovascular disease, cancer and ONE other condition, disease and injury using Australia’s Health and other health reports

what is cancer?

the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal body cells

• genetic material damaged from a foreign agent → 1 cell mutates → mutation multiplies uncontrollably → develops as a tumour → depletes surrounding cells of nourishment

Examine chronic conditions, diseases and injury in Australia, including cardiovascular disease, cancer and ONE other condition, disease and injury using Australia’s Health and other health reports

what is a neoplasm

the new and abnormal growth of tissue in a part of the body

Examine chronic conditions, diseases and injury in Australia, including cardiovascular disease, cancer and ONE other condition, disease and injury using Australia’s Health and other health reports

what are the two types of cancer?

1. benign (noncancerous) - tumour cells grow slowly surrounded by a capsule to control speed. cured through surgical removal. can still damage surrounding tissue/organs

2. malignant (cancerous) - no capsule to control spread → travels through bloodstream to other parts of body

Examine chronic conditions, diseases and injury in Australia, including cardiovascular disease, cancer and ONE other condition, disease and injury using Australia’s Health and other health reports

metastases

secondary/new tumours that develop when malignant cells travel through the body

Examine chronic conditions, diseases and injury in Australia, including cardiovascular disease, cancer and ONE other condition, disease and injury using Australia’s Health and other health reports

metastasis

the process of the cancer moving throughout the body

Examine chronic conditions, diseases and injury in Australia, including cardiovascular disease, cancer and ONE other condition, disease and injury using Australia’s Health and other health reports

where does carcinoma originate in?

• skin

• membranes lining the respiratory, gastrointestinal and urinary tracts

• breasts

Examine chronic conditions, diseases and injury in Australia, including cardiovascular disease, cancer and ONE other condition, disease and injury using Australia’s Health and other health reports

where does sarcoma originate in?

• bones

• cartilage

• muscles

Examine chronic conditions, diseases and injury in Australia, including cardiovascular disease, cancer and ONE other condition, disease and injury using Australia’s Health and other health reports

where does leukaemia originate in?

• blood-forming organs such as bones, liver, spleen

Examine chronic conditions, diseases and injury in Australia, including cardiovascular disease, cancer and ONE other condition, disease and injury using Australia’s Health and other health reports

where does lymphoma originate in?

• infection fighting organs - glands, spleen

Examine chronic conditions, diseases and injury in Australia, including cardiovascular disease, cancer and ONE other condition, disease and injury using Australia’s Health and other health reports

Including:

• What does the data tell us about the mortality and morbidity, prevalence and incidence rates of these conditions?

approximately how many cases of cancer was diagnosed in 2024?

around 169,500 cases of cancer diagnosed in 2024

Examine chronic conditions, diseases and injury in Australia, including cardiovascular disease, cancer and ONE other condition, disease and injury using Australia’s Health and other health reports

Including:

• What does the data tell us about the mortality and morbidity, prevalence and incidence rates of these conditions?

approximately how many people woild die from cancer in 2024?

Around 52,700 people will die from cancer in 2024, and around 3 of every 10 deaths are estimated to be due to cancer.

Examine chronic conditions, diseases and injury in Australia, including cardiovascular disease, cancer and ONE other condition, disease and injury using Australia’s Health and other health reports

Including:

• What does the data tell us about the mortality and morbidity, prevalence and incidence rates of these conditions?

from 2016-2020, what percentage of people with cancer survived 5 years after diagnosis?

For 2016-2020, around 71% of people diagnosed with cancer survive 5 years after diagnosis 

Examine chronic conditions, diseases and injury in Australia, including cardiovascular disease, cancer and ONE other condition, disease and injury using Australia’s Health and other health reports

Including:

• What does the data tell us about the mortality and morbidity, prevalence and incidence rates of these conditions?

top 4 cancers for males?

1. prostate cancer - 25,500 cases

2. skin melanoma - 10,600 cases

3. colorectal cancer - 8100 cases

4. lung cancer - 7700 cases

Examine chronic conditions, diseases and injury in Australia, including cardiovascular disease, cancer and ONE other condition, disease and injury using Australia’s Health and other health reports

Including:

• What does the data tell us about the mortality and morbidity, prevalence and incidence rates of these conditions?

top 4 cancers for females?

1. breast cancer - 20,500 cases

2. skin melanoma - 7600 cases

3. colorectal cancer - 7200 cases

4. lung cancer - 7100 cases 

Examine chronic conditions, diseases and injury in Australia, including cardiovascular disease, cancer and ONE other condition, disease and injury using Australia’s Health and other health reports

Including:

• What does the data tell us about the mortality and morbidity, prevalence and incidence rates of these conditions?

• cancer survival has increased

• cancer mortality has decreased

• grouped together, cancer is still the leading cause of death (27% of deaths)

• lung cancer - leading cause of cancer deaths for males and females

Examine chronic conditions, diseases and injury in Australia, including cardiovascular disease, cancer and ONE other condition, disease and injury using Australia’s Health and other health reports

Including:

• What does the data tell us about the mortality and morbidity, prevalence and incidence rates of these conditions?

• 5 year survival rate

• cancer morbidity increased from 50% in 1991 to 72% in 2021

• changes significantly for different age groups 

  • e.g. 98% for 0-19, 61% for 80+

• prostate cancer survival rate - 96%

• breast cancer survival rate - 94%

• melanoma survival rate - 94%

• Investigate the impact of an ageing population on Australia’s health

  • What does the data tell us?

what does the Australian Bureau Statistics say about Australia’s ageing population?

• The no. of older Australians ↑ from 2.1M in 1995, to 4.2M  in 2020

• By 2066, older people will make up 21-23% of the total population

• For 85+,  the proportion has ↑ from 0.5% in 1970, 1.1% in 1995 to 2.1% in 2020 - expected to continue to rise to 3.6 - 4.4% in 2066

• Despite higher rates in chronic disease, 74% of Australians 65+ rate themselves having good (32%), very good or excellent health (42%) - 26% fair or poor health

• nvestigate the impact of an ageing population on Australia’s health

  • What is healthy ageing? 

WHO’s definition of healthy ageing

WHO defines health ageing as “the process of developing and maintaining the functional ability that enables wellbeing in older age.”

• Investigate the impact of an ageing population on Australia’s health

  • What is healthy ageing? 

how can healthy ageing be promoted physically?

• Eating well

• Being physically active

• Getting good sleep 

• Regular health checkups - prevention and early intervention

• Investigate the impact of an ageing population on Australia’s health

  • What is healthy ageing? 

how can healthy ageing be promoted socially?

• Reducing isolation (e.g. support groups)

• Volunteering and contributing to society

• Setting goals 

• Providing new learning experiences 

• Opportunities for intergenerational connections

• Investigate the impact of an ageing population on Australia’s health

  • What is healthy ageing? 

benefits of healthy ageing for individuals

• Less likely to leave the workforce for health reasons → more economic and social contribution

• More likely enjoy retirement

• Can contribute skills and experience to communities for longer (e.g. volunteering)

• Less chronic disease and disability

• Greater mobility and independence

• Better relationships

• Investigate the impact of an ageing population on Australia’s health

  • What is healthy ageing? 

benefits of healthy ageing for communities and the government

• Fewer healthcare needs → less healthcare expenditure and more appointments and hospital beds for others 

• Reduced burden on family and friends 

• Provide ongoing contributions to society and communities

• Investigate the impact of an ageing population on Australia’s health

  • What are the opportunities and challenges for an ageing population?

• Ongoing economic contribution - more stay in the workforce longer 

• More social contributions as volunteers and carers - e.g. retired grandparents providing childcare for grandchildren

• Intergenerational learning - provide wisdom, perspective and insight for other generations to learn about culture, family, work and values

• Investigate the impact of an ageing population on Australia’s health

  • What are the opportunities and challenges for an ageing population?

• Increased rates of chronic disease → increased demand for health services and healthcare costs

• Social isolation 

• Negative stereotypes (increasing ageism) → limits workforce and community participation 

• Financial instability - many living in poverty and/or rely on govt pension

• Investigate the impact of an ageing population on Australia’s health

  • What are current and future strategies to support healthy ageing?

• My Aged Care

• LiveUp

• Preventative and early detection healthcare (e.g. breast and bowel cancer screening - free for people 50+)

• Homecare services (e.g. Meals on Wheels, Home Care Packages (HCP))

• Ageing Well in NSW - Action Plan 2025-26

• Investigate the impact of an ageing population on Australia’s health

  • What are current and future strategies to support healthy ageing?

what is LiveUp?

• LiveUp is a holistic program that supports ongoing independence through healthy ageing

  • Guides to healthy living (e.g. references to exercise programs/social groups)

  • Resources on in-home care and assistance

  • Product and technology recommendations

• Investigate the impact of an ageing population on Australia’s health

  • What are current and future strategies to support healthy ageing?

what is Ageing Well in NSW?

a NSW govt  action plan 2025 - 2026 - NSW to encourage healthy ageing. 4 target areas: 

1. Creating age-friendly environments

2. Boosting participation in inclusive communities

3. Encouraging and supporting older people to be safe, active and healthy

4. Assisting older people to be resilient and informed 

• Investigate the impact of an ageing population on Australia’s health

  • What are current and future strategies to support healthy ageing?

• technology integration

  • wearable technology (e.g. HR monitors) for tracking + monitoring

  • AI for early diagnostics + health monitoring

  • smart home devices - reduces household workload + sends emergency alerts

• policy reforms

• dementia education, research and interventions - Australia’s health policy makers + healthcare practioners focusing on better understanding dementia 

• Investigate the impact of an ageing population on Australia’s health

  • What are current and future strategies to support healthy ageing?

how do policy reforms improve healthy ageing?

• prevents elderly abuse

• improves quality of life for those in residential care

• incentivises older people to work longer

• further in-home support

• aged care reforms 

• nvestigate the impact of an ageing population on Australia’s health

  • What are current and future strategies to support healthy ageing?

examples of dementia education, research and intervention that improve healthy ageing

• Studying the world’s ‘Blue Zones’ to lower rates of dementia and Al and Alzheimer's disease

• Building and promoting dementia-friendly communities

• Specialised Dementia Care Program (SDCP)

• Investigate the impact of an ageing population on Australia’s health

  • What do government and non-government agencies need to consider to address the future needs of a growing and ageing population?

• Financial reforms - ensuring policies and programs can support an ageing population’s financial needs (e.g. retirement, pension programs)

• Healthcare infrastructure and resourcing services and a skilled workforce

• Age-friendly urban planning and infrastructure 

• Investigate the impact of an ageing population on Australia’s health

  • What do government and non-government agencies need to consider to address the future needs of a growing and ageing population?

• advocacy and support - combat ageism and elder abuse + promote choice for healthcare options 

• Service provision - the private and NGO healthcare system is essential to supplement govt healthcare to ease increased demand

• Research and innovation - examining best practices for healthy ageing, new models + innovative technologies for effective care