Database Midterm

A desktop database is a _____ database.

a.

single-user.

b.

distributed

c.

multiuser

d.

workgroup

a.

single-user.

Unstructured and semistructured data can be stored in the databases below except __?

a.

Extensible Markup Language (XML)

b.

NoSQL

c.

Microsoft Access database

d.

Social media

c.

Microsoft Access database

. _____ is the result of formatting disorganized data in order to facilitate storage, use, and generation of information.

a.

Structured data

b.

Obsolete data

c.

Unstructured data

d.

Raw data

a.

Structured data

Data redundancy exists when data is duplicated and stored unnecessarily at different places.

True

False

True

A database management system (DBMS) can be likened to__?

a.

A book cabinet

b.

A very well-organized electronic filing cabinet

c.

A computer file

d.

A kitchen pantry

b.

A very well-organized electronic filing cabinet

Which option below is a type of data anomaly?

a.

Insertion anomalies

b.

Entry anomalies

c.

Format anomalies

d.

Repeat anomalies

Insertion anomalies (three: Insertion, deletion, and update)

Data is the result of interpreting facts to reveal meaning.

True

False

False

Unstructured data is data that exists in its __?

a.

Original (raw) state

b.

Original (filtered) state

c.

Original (altered) state

d.

Original (refined) state

a.

Original (raw) state

Unstructured data is data that exists in the format in which it was collected (raw state). While Structured data is the result of formatting unstructured data to enable storage, use, and generation of information.

True

False

True

Which of the answers below is not consider as one of the five (5) major parts of the database system?

a.

Internet

b.

Procedure

c.

Software

d.

Data

a.

Internet (five:hardware, software, people, procedures, and data)

The term database system refers to an organization of components that define and regulate the collection, storage, management, and use of data within a database environment.

True

False

True

One of the advantages of database systems is that ___

a.

Database systems maximizes data inconsistency

b.

Database systems decreases end user productivity

c.

Database systems do not integrate many different users' data into a single all-encompassing data repository.

d.

Database systems enable the data in the database to be shared among multiple applications or users.

d.

Database systems enable the data in the database to be shared among multiple applications or users.

The term database system refers to an organization of components that define and regulate the collection, storage, management, and use of ___ within a database environment.

a.

Information

b.

Queries

c.

Filters

d.

Data

d.

Data

Structural dependence, which means that access to a file is dependent on its ___?

a.

Storage

b.

Structure

c.

Customer

d.

Data

b.

Structure

A workgroup database is a _____ database.

a.

multiuser

b.

desktop

c.

single-user

d.

distributed

a.

multiuser

A(n) _____ database is used by an organization to support many users across many departments.

a.

desktop

b.

workgroup

c.

enterprise

d.

transactional

c.

enterprise

The database structure itself is stored as a __?

a.

Unlinked files

b.

Collection of files

c.

A single file

d.

Collection of metadata

b.

Collection of files

Which of the answers below is not one of the reasons a spreadsheet is not considered a database?

a.

A spreadsheet allows for the manipulation of data in a tabular format

b.

A Spreadsheet does not support defined relationships among tables

c.

A spreadsheet does not support self-documentation through metadata

d.

A Spreadsheet does not support enforcement of data types or domains

a.

A spreadsheet allows for the manipulation of data in a tabular format

_____ data exist in the format in which they were collected.

a.

Semistructured

b.

Historical

c.

Unstructured

d.

Structured

c.

Unstructured

Information is produced by processing _____.

a.

Scripts

b.

Context

c.

Information

d.

Data

d.

Data

One of the advantages of a database system over previous data management approaches is reduced costs.

True

False

False

Metadata is ___?

a.

Raw data

b.

Data about data

c.

Refined data

d.

Filtered data

b.

Data about data

_____ data exist in a format that does not lend itself to processing that yields information.

a.

Semistructured

b.

Historical

c.

Structured

d.

Unstructured

d.

Unstructured

A data warehouse contains historical data obtained from the _____.

a.

workgroup databases

b.

desktop database

c.

operational databases

d.

enterprise databases

c.

operational databases

_____ is the body of information and facts about a specific subject.

a.

Validation

b.

A database

c.

Knowledge

d.

A format

c.

Knowledge

A _____ contains all of the attribute names and characteristics for each table in the system.

a.

database

b.

logical schema

c.

data dictionary

d.

relational schema

c.

data dictionary

A(n) _____ index is an index in which the index key can have only one pointer value (row) associated with it.

a.

search

b.

one to one

c.

foreign

d.

unique

d.

unique

A(n) _____ is an orderly arrangement used to logically access rows in a table.

a.

index

b.

primary rule

c.

relationship

d.

superkey

a.

index

In a relational table, an intersection of a row and a column represents ____________.

a.

a single data value

b.

an attribute

c.

a vertical subset

d.

an entity

a.

a single data value

The one-to-many (1:M) relationship is easily implemented in the relational model by putting the _________of the "1" side in the table of the "many" side as a ________.

a.

foreign key, foreign key

b.

primary key, foreign key

c.

primary key, primary key

d.

foreign key, primary key

b.

primary key, foreign key

The proper use of _____ keys is crucial to controlling data redundancy.

a.

candidate

b.

primary

c.

external

d.

foreign

d.

foreign

When you define a table's primary key, the DBMS automatically creates a(n) _____ index on the primary key column(s) you declared.

a.

unique

b.

primary

c.

key

d.

composite

a.

unique

An index is composed of an index key and pointers. What is the function of the pointers?

a.

Shows the location of the occurrences of a particular index value.

b.

Allow the creation of M:N relations in the database.

c.

Helps sort the index by points.

d.

Avoids creating more complex primary keys.

Shows the location of the occurrences of a particular index value.

When using a foreign key the same value shows up in several rows. Why is this not considered data redundancy?

a.

Because it doesn't create data anomalies.

b.

The elimination of the foreign key would result in losing the information of the relation.

c.

The foreign key is shorter than the complete entity.

d.

It is only considered data redundancy if there are too many compared to the size of the table.

b.

The elimination of the foreign key would result in losing the information of the relation.

Which of the following options is most adequate for a primary key in a table of employees?

a.

home phone number

b.

employee social security number

c.

a combination of name and surname

d.

name and date of birth

b.

employee social security number

A ____ is bidirectional?

a. attribute

b. relationship

c. entity

d. constraint

b. relationship

Business rules apply to businesses and government groups, but not to other types of organizations such as religious groups or research laboratories.

True

False

False

In the context of data models, an entity is a person, place, thing , or event about which data will be collected or stored.

True

False

True

A data model is usually graphical.

True

False

True

Which of the following is not one of the 3 V's mentioned in regard to big data?

a. velocity

b. volume

c. variability

d. variety

c. variability

A ____ represents a particular type of object in the real world.

a. attribute

b. node

c. relationship

d. entity

d. entity

Which of the following is not considered to be a data abstraction layer by ANSI?

a. physical

b. conceptual

c. internal

d. external

a. physical

Students and classes have a _____ relationship.

a. many to many

b. many to one

c. one to many

d. one to one

a. many to many

A _____ is anything about which data is to be collected and stored

a. contraint

b. entity

c. relationship

d. attribute

b. entity

_____ are normally expressed in the form of rules to define bounds and scope items.

a. relationships

b. contraints

c. entities

d. attributes

b. contraints

As a database administrator, which option below is one of the three types of software that you need to make the database system function fully?

a. Operating Firmware Software

b. Programming Operating Software

c. Operating system software

d. Microsoft Operating Software

c. Operating system software

As a database administrator, which of the answers below would you consider as end-users?

a. System Administrators

b. Database Administrators

c. Sales Managers

d. System analysts and programmers

c. Sales Managers

What is the result of revealing the meaning of raw facts?

a. An encoded sample

b. An encrypted bit

c. Information

d. End-user data

c. Information

Unstructured and semistructured data can be stored in the databases below except __?

a. Microsoft Access database

b. NoSQL

c. Extensible Markup Language (XML)

d. Social media

a. Microsoft Access database

Which of the answers below is not an example of a web browser that a database management system (DBMS) might use to provide access to the database?

a. Mozzarella Firefox

b. Microsoft Edge

c. Google Chrome

d. Microsoft Edge

a. Mozzarella Firefox

What would you define as the condition in which all of the data in the database are consistent with the real-world events and conditions?

a. Data anomaly

b. Data quality

c. Data ubiquity

d. Data integrity

d. Data integrity

 A good Database Management System (DBMS) will perform well even with a badly designed database.

True

False

False

While a database analyst is analyzing data, they find different versions of the same data appearing in different places? What do you call this type of situation?

a. Conceptual dependence

b. Structural dependence

c. Data inconsistency

d. Poor data security

c. Data inconsistency

Different views of the data are less likely to cause problems or conflicts when a database offers which of the following?

a. documentation system

b. blueprint

c. physical server

d. management system

b. blueprint

Within the database environment, a data model represents data structures and their attributes, relations, constraints, and transformations with the purpose of supporting a specific problem domain. Define "problem domain" in the context of data models.


 

a. the process of creating a specific data model for a particular set of real-world data to be addressed

b. a blueprint containing all necessary instructions for building a database that will meet all end-user requirements

c. a relatively simple and usually graphical representation of complex real-world objects or events

d. a clearly defined area within a real-world environment that will be systematically addressed

d. a clearly defined area within a real-world environment that will be systematically addressed

 Jackie is working in a database entering information on employees using the following format: EMPLOYEE.LAST_NAME .This indicates the attribute LAST_NAME from the EMPLOYEE in what?.

a. column

b. entity

c. rows

e. table

e. table

A company you are consulting with tells you that after their recent social media campaign they need more space to store all the data being generated. Which characteristic of Big Data databases do they need to address?

 

a. Velocity

b. Variety

c. Veracity

d. Volume

d. Volume

From a database point of view, the collection of data becomes meaningful only when it reflects properly defined _____.

a. logical design

b. physical independence

c. business rules

d. conceptual schema

c. business rules

Sally is more concerned with data location, formatting, and specific reporting requirements. Which describes Sally's role?

a. the applications programmer

b. the end users

c. the inventory manager

d. the purchasing manager

a. the applications programmer

 A(n) _____ represents a particular type of object in the real world.

a. entity

b. attribute

c. relationship

d. node

a. entity

A noun in a business rule translates to a(n) _____ in the data model.

 

a. entity

b. constraint

c. relationship

d. attribute

a. entity

 Sarah is working on a design that has physical independence and needs to make a change. Which change will not affect the internal model?

 

a. logical design

b. storage methods

c. external model

d. internal schema

b. storage methods

The term _____ is used to refer to the task of creating a conceptual data model that could be implemented in any DBMS.

 

a. physical independence

b. external model

c. internal schema

e. logical design

e. logical design

 The hierarchical model is software-independent.

 

True

 

False

False

 Which of the following models operate at the lowest level of abstraction and is both hardware and software dependent?

 

a. external

b. internal

c. physical

d. conceptual

c. physical

Karl is in the process of identifying and documenting business rules during his step in a new database design, spending many hours ensuring its accuracy. Why would he spend a significant amount of time on one task?

 

a. it identifies management problems within the company.

b. it helps to standardize the company's view of data.

c. it makes it easy to recognize the data contained in an attribute.

d. it enables company managers and policy makers to make informed decisions.

b. it helps to standardize the company's view of data.

When discovering new business rules, interviews with _____ are faster and more direct, but may be less reliable.

 

a. written documentation

b. end users

c. company managers

d. policy makers

b. end users

Ali needs to review the metadata of a file system. Where should they look?

a. Client node

b. Data node

c. Name node

d. Map node

c. Name node

If a design has logical independence, it means the _____ can be changed without affecting the conceptual model.

a. internal model

b. external schema

c. operating system

d. logical design

a. internal model

 An internal _____ refers to a specific representation of an internal model, using the database constructs supported by the chosen database.

 

a. file system

b. schema

c. diagram

d. standards

b. schema

 Business rules that are properly written will define entities, attributes, relationships, and _____.

 

a. constraints

b. objects

c. fields

d. classes

a. constraints

By examining the _____ in a business rule, a database designer can identify the database as a collection of records in 1:1, 1:M, or M:N relationships.

a. verbs

b. names

c. attributes

d. nouns

d. nouns