8.1 reading quiz

According to a report by The United Kingdom's Royal Botanical Garden, one in every __________ plants is now threatened with extinction.

100

10

50

5

5

Which of the following is a reason food insecurity happens?

economic access to nutritious food

adequate food distribution

natural disasters or environmental degradation in a region

physical access to sufficient food

natural disasters or environmental degradation in a region

The estimated food loss after harvesting is about

39%

13%

22%

46%

13%

Which group of Americans experiences a higher rate of food insecurity than the general population?

college students

senior citizens

veterans

people living in rural areas

college students

Which one of the following is true of food deserts?

food deserts are often found in low-income areas that lack traditional grocery stores

low-income residents in rural areas do not face the same obstacles

urban areas with public transportation do not have food deserts

as long as food is accessible, the location is not considered a food desert

food deserts are often found in low-income areas that lack traditional grocery stores

From 1992 to 2021, what happened to world hunger levels?

world hunger decreased by about 100 million

world hunger remained the same over that time

world hunger decreased by almost 1 billion

world hunger increased by almost half

world hunger increased by almost one-third

world hunger decreased by about 100 million

What is TRUE of malnourishment?

it only happens when a person does not get enough calories

malnourishment is only a problem of food quantity

it can occur when people get enough calories, but not enough of one or more key nutrients

people who get too many calories cannot be malnourished

it can occur when people get enough calories, but not enough of one or more key nutrients

Worldwide, how many children experience stunted growth due to malnutrition?

33%

50%

25%

10%

25%

What does overnutrition include?

vitamin deficiency

calorie deficiency

obesity

protein deficiency

obesity

The Green Revolution depended on

the use of high-yielding crop varieties as well as synthetic fertilizers and pesticides

increasing the diversity of crops planted on a given plot to maximize productivity per acre

traditional farming techniques such as contour farming and crop rotation

crop varieties genetically modified to deal with problems such as drought or pests

the use of high-yielding crop varieties as well as synthetic fertilizers and pesticides

What are high-yield varieties (HYVs)?

any crop bred to produce more than its natural counterparts

strains of staple crops selectively bred to produce more than the natural counterparts

any crop grown with modern technology and machinery

genetically engineered crops to resist herbicides and pesticides

strains of staple crops selectively bred to produce more than the natural counterparts

What was a drawback to implementing modern farming methods in China and India?

the cost of inputs and necessary equipment

the increase in global food production

not enough food was produced to justify the change in farming

a reduction in famine

the cost of inputs and necessary equipment

Today 92% of Iowa's cultivated land is exclusively corn or

rice

wheat

soybean

onions

soybean

Reliance on monoculture crops has led to a decrease in

genetic diversity

synthetic fertilizers

increased irrigation

high-yield varieties

genetic diversity

Why are heirloom crop varieties important?

they are naturally pest resistant

they produce more than other varieties

they can have genetic raw material that allows crops to respond to changes

they require less water than the high-yield varieties

they can have genetic raw material that allows crops to respond to changes

What may be the greatest challenge to agriculture?

agricultural pests

monoculture operations

pesticide use

use of fossil fuels

climate change

climate change

Which crop is mentioned as declining in some areas due to climate change?

potatoes

coffee

corn

wheat

rice

coffee

What is a benefit to using fertilizers on crops?

a dependance on future use can be created

it is expensive

the excess can wash off and get into waterways

it can boost food production

it can boost food production

Which of the following is considered a disadvantage of industrial farming?

monocultures are more vulnerable to pests

crops cannot be grown on nutrient-poor soil

it has lower yields per acre than traditional farming

it is more labor intensive than other farming methods

monocultures are more vulnerable to pests

What is pesticide resistance?

the ability of a plant to naturally resist a pest infestation

the ability of a pest to feed off certain pesticides

the ability of an industrial pest to become resistant to a pesticide after exposure

the ability of a pest to withstand a given pesticide

the ability of a pest to withstand a given pesticide

What is the focus of the next revolution that is once again increasing crop productivity?

a gene revolution: genetically modified crops and food animals

a biological revolution: increased dependance on natural pest control and pollination

a chemical revolution: improved fertilizers and pesticides that enhance productivity

a natural revolution: organic agriculture

a gene revolution: genetically modified crops and food animals

Which one of the following about GMOs is TRUE?

genetic engineering can create traits we want our crops to have

GMOs are organisms that have had their genetic information altered

GMOs have not yet been approved for use in US food products

drought resistance is the most common GMO trait inserted into crops

GMOs are organisms that have had their genetic information altered

Which one of the following describes transgenic organisms?

organisms that receive RNA from another species they could not breed with

organisms that receive RNA from another species they could breed with

organisms that receive DNA from another species they could not breed with

organisms that receive DNA from another species they could breed with

organisms that receive DNA from another species they could not breed with

An organism whose own genes have been edited but no new DNA has been introduced is known as

an intergenic organisms

a cisgenic organism

a transgenic organism

an intragenic organism

an intragenic organism

Even before development of genome-editing techniques like CRISPR, more than _____% of U.S. based foods contained GMOs.

50

75

85

90

75

Some crops have been engineered to contain the Bt gene. What does this gene do?

produces a higher yield of crops

produces extra beta carotene

provides a toxin that kills insect pests

makes the crops resistant to herbicides

provides a toxin that kills insect pests

Critics say that GMOs are dangerous. Which of the following has NOT happened with GMOs?

GMOs are unsafe for humans to eat

Beneficial insects as well as crop pests were killed

They placed too much power in the hands of large corporations

Herbicide-tolerant genes migrated to other species and created "superweeds"

GMOs are unsafe for humans to eat

"Superweeds" are weeds that:

grow faster when no fertilizer is applied than when it is applied

are easily killed by today's herbicides

have acquired a gene for herbicide resistance from a genetically modified organism (GMO)

produce their own herbicide, which kills other plants around them

have acquired a gene for herbicide resistance from a genetically modified organism (GMO)

Which one of the following is NOT true of cisgenic organisms?

the changes are similar to naturally cross-breeding organisms

they do not fit the regulatory definition of a GMO

they are not transgenic

they form from unnatural changes

they form from unnatural changes

Why can farmers not save GM seeds from one year to the next?

the seeds will not produce as many crops the following year

the genes for herbicide resistance will expire the following year

the seeds are not viable beyond one year

the seeds are patented and must be bought each year

the seeds are patented and must be bought each year

The ability of an individual nation to grow enough food to feed its people is called

food self-sufficiency

crop sovereignty

cash crop self-sufficiency

agricultural sufficiency

food sovereignty

food self-sufficiency

What are cash crops?

food sold in low-income areas that cost more than residents can afford

food and fiber grown to sell for profit rather than for use

food and fiber that farmers have to pay the government to grow

food and fiber seeds that use GMOS so they are more expensive

food and fiber grown to sell for profit rather than for use

What is an example of a cash crop?

potatoes

coffee

wheat

corn

coffee

What was one effect of dependency on cash crops in Burkina Faso?

local farmers retained much of the profit for themselves and increased their standard of living

food prices dropped and local people could afford to feed their families at lower cost

the country quickly achieved food soverignty through cash crops

the country became dependent on food imports which eventually led to riots over food across the country

the country became dependent on food imports which eventually led to riots over food across the country

What is a principle of food sovereignty?

find a one-size-fits-all solution

localize the food system to favor regional supply over exporting food

promote government control of land, seed, and other agricultural resources

favor industrial agriculture practices

localize the food system to favor regional supply over exporting food