OCTHR 5020: Reading Guide for Quiz 1

List a few of the tips for creating your own definition of OT

Speak directly to the audience

Provide an example that they can relate to

Avoid professional jargon

Keep the definition brief

Define the values and benefits of the profession

Avoid comparing to other professions

Who is included in the term "OT practitioners"?

OT's and OTA's

When the services occupational therapy focus on those things that are meaningful and valuable to an individual, a group, or a population

Develop interventions using knowledge of the clients life experiences and situations, strengths and challenges, current research evidence, science, and therapeutic interactions to promote health, well-being, and participation

what is this an example of

Client Centered Care

What are some examples of client-centered care

ADL's, instrumental activities, health management, sleep and rest, education, work, play, leisure, and social participation

What is the OTA education path

OTA's must complete a 2-year associate or bachelor's degree, pass the NBCOT, and obtain licensure

some settings hire OT aides, who do not have formal training and are not regulated by state law but are trained on the job and work under the supervision of more experiences assistants or aides

what is the OTA's role in evaluation

They may participate in the evaluation process and contribute to the intervention plan with supervision from an occupational therapist and take on additional responsibilities once they have demonstrated service competency

Gather data for the evaluation, administer parts of the assessment, and provide feedback to the OT

What is the acronym for the board exam that you must pass after completing the OT program.

NBCOT (National Board Certification for Occupational Therapy)

What is the acronym for the organization that accredits OT & OTA programs.

ACOTE (Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education)

list a few examples of things that OT practitioners may do in different settings.

coach families on the application of calming techniques (such as a warm bath) for infants

work in families' homes to promote play, motor, cognitive, and social-emotional development

think quickly and in the moment when engaging children in play to develop motor, processing, and social-emotional skills

help school age children develop their skills and abilities to manage frustrations, social and movement so that they can play with others, complete schoolwork, and participate in family routines

refers to the things people do that are valuable and meaningful to them and provide them with a sense of health, competence, and identity

Occupation

ADL's, instrumental ADL's, health management, rest, sleep, education, work, play, leisure

Ex: reading a chapter and completing an assignment

Activity

refer to the basic units of action (e.g., understanding content in reading, writing responses to questions for an assignment).

Task

improving the client’s ability to perform

Remediating

completing the occupation in a different way

Compensating

changing the occupation so the client can complete it

Adapting

To refer to the client by name instead of diagnosis. For example, they refer to the client by name instead of diagnosis. The client is not “the stroke in room 311” but rather “Mr. Smith who is in room 311 and experienced a stroke.” Using person-first language is respectful of the client and models to others that first and foremost the client is a person with a life history.

Person-First Language:

This places disability first. A person who chooses identity-first language accepts disability as a natural circumstance. Identity-first language shows that one’s disability is part of one’s identity and a typical aspect of life, as is supported by the Social Model of Disability.

Identity-First Language:

which settings are most common / least common for OTs. Most is

Hospitals

which settings are most common / least common for OTs. Least is

Mental Health

which help get the client ready to participate in the occupation, purposeful activity, or task. Things such as range of motion (e.g., moving the limbs through a range), exercise, strengthening, or stretching are considered preparatory activities.

Preparatory Activity

are made-up activities that may include some of the same skills required for the occupation. These activities are used to help simulate the actual activity within a controlled setting or by modifying the requirements to support client success. 

Contrived Activity

 are meaningful to the client but may emphasize one aspect of the occupati

Purposeful Activity

Which refers to the objects and materials the practitioner uses to facilitate change. Therapeutic media includes games, toys, activities, dressing or self-care activities, work activities, arts, crafts, computers, industrial activities, sports, music and dance, play, role-playing and theater, yoga, gardening, homemaking activities, magic, pet care, and creative writing.

therapeutic media

refers to the “unique attributes, values, and beliefs that make up an individual when compared with the context of a group or population.

Comes in many forms… socioeconomic status, race, sex, ethnicity, age, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity, and religious beliefs 

Diversity

refers to ensuring that “everyone has access to the same opportunities, taking into consideration the advantages and disadvantages of every individual”

Strives to correct the imbalance

Equity

is the acceptance and support of diversity wherein the uniqueness of beliefs, values, and attributes is welcomed, valued, and leveraged for maximum engagement

Is the active response to diversity and includes fostering acceptance, respect, belonging, and value for everyone 

Inclusion

is the opportunity for everyone to participate in desired occupations. It refers to social structures (such as laws, institutions, societal attitudes, cultural beliefs and practices, economic systems, policies, and governmental politics) that present barriers so people are not able to access desired activities.

Examples:

people who have mobility issues should have access to public transportation

Children attending schools in lower socio-economic school districts should have access to after-school programs, sports, and educational opportunities

Occupational Justice

describe one example of how to promote inclusion

Engage in client-centered activities

1) Collaborate with clients to identify their life experiences, environment, culture, strengths, and challenges to create occupational goals

2) Provide equitable care by considering contexts and environments

was grounded in the philosophy that all people, even those with challenges, have a human right to compassion, consideration, and kindness. The moral treatment movement sought ways to incorporate more humane interventions for people. One of the ways identified was involvement in purposeful activity.

The practice of OT eventually emerged from this humanitarian concern for each human being and from the use of structured activity to create more typical rhythms of life for people striving to live despite elements outside their control.

Moral Treatment

Began her careers as a student in social work, then worked in hospitals. Mother of OT

Eleanor Clarke Slagle

Was a psychiatrist and assistant staff physician. Father of OT

Wm. Rush Dunton, Jr.

Was a designer and arts and crafts teacher

Susan Cox Johnson

resourceful architect

George Edward Barton

One of the first, occupational therapists. Throughout her career, she was involved in teaching training courses. She was a nursing instructor involved in the Arts and Crafts Movement and in the training of nurses in the use of occupations

Susan Tracy

a physician who graduated from Harvard Medical School. He worked with debilitated patients, providing medical supervision of crafts for the purpose of improving their health and financial independence

Herbert Hall

was a friend of George Barton's and fellow architect and teacher

Thomas Kidner

What year that the OT profession was founded (first NSPOT meeting)

1917

list a few of these principles, all of which are still relevant to contemporary OT practice.

Any activity should have a cure as its objective.

The activity should be interesting.

There should be a useful purpose other than to merely gain the patient's attention and interest.

The activity should preferably lead to an increase in knowledge on the patient's part.

Activity should be carried on with others, such as a group.

The occupational therapist should make a careful study of the patient and attempt to meet as many needs as possible through activity.

Activity should cease before the onset of fatigue.

Genuine encouragement should be given whenever indicated.

Work is much to be preferred to idleness, even when the end product of the patient's labor is of poor quality or is useless.

An approach deeming that each individual should be seen as a complete and unified whole rather than a series of parts or problems to be managed.

Holistic perspective / approach

Created in WWI most left in 1918

Civilians who helped rehabilitate soldiers who had been injured in the war so that they could either return to active military duty or be employed in a civilian job.

Included under the direction of orthopedic professionals and included OT aides, physiotherapy aides, and vocational evaluators.

Reconstruction aides

When did NSPOT become AOTA?

1921

Which association/profession was originally responsible for accrediting OT education programs?

AMA (American Medical Association)

In what year did the profession separate from that association and begin accrediting its own educational programs?

1994

What is AJOT?

American Journal of Occupational Therapy

How did the focus of OT change after WW II?

shift away from a generalist approach to one of specialization in physical rehabilitation.

To which population does the term deinstitutionalization refer?

Psychiatric

Which epidemic in the 1950s led to more people living with disabilities?

Polio

Who is eligible for Medicare?

those who are 65 years of age or older or those who are permanently and totally disabled

A Black student at the time, who attended an AOTA meeting in New Orleans during the 1950s, where she was not allowed to sit in the same room as White students. AOTA responded by instituting a policy that conferences could only be held at hotels that did not segregate Black people.

Who is Lela Llorens?

When did OTA education begin?

1958

what was the experience of Black OT practitioners in 1970s and 1980s

They were longing for a community within OT that reflected the way they moved, talked, and looked. They then formed the NBOTC around 1974. In the 1970s there would only be a few Black students.

ADA provides civil rights to all individuals with disabilities. It guarantees equal access to and opportunity in employment, transportation, public accommodations, state and local government, and telecommunications for individuals with disabilities.

1990 ADA legislation

Originally called the The Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 (PL 94-142), originally signed as law by President Ronald Reagan IDEA requires school districts to educate students with disabilities in the least restrictive environment (LRE).

1991 IDEA legislation

When were baccalaureate programs to become an OT phased out?

2007