Untitled Flashcards Set

Martin Seligman

Founder of positive psychology, known for his work on learned helplessness and well-being.

Positive Psychology

A movement in psychology that focuses on positive emotions, strengths, and human flourishing.

Mary Cover Jones

Known as the mother of behavior therapy; developed techniques of desensitization.

Desensitization

A behavioral therapy technique that reduces anxiety by gradually exposing individuals to feared stimuli.

Joseph Wolpe

Developer of systematic desensitization, a form of behavior therapy used for phobias and anxiety.

Carl Rogers

Major figure in humanistic psychology known for client-centered therapy and self-actualization.

Sigmund Freud

Founder of psychoanalysis; known for theories on the unconscious mind and psychosexual stages.

Psychoanalysis

A therapeutic approach that focuses on unconscious processes and childhood experiences.

Dorothea Dix

Pioneering advocate for mental health care reform in the US, improving conditions for the mentally ill.

Aaron Beck

Founder of cognitive therapy and key figure in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).

Cognitive Therapy

A therapeutic approach that aims to change cognitive distortions impacting emotional well-being.

Ernest Hilgard

Known for work on hypnosis and the neodissociation model of consciousness.

Hypnosis

A state of focused attention and heightened suggestibility often used in therapy.

Albert Ellis

Pioneer in cognitive therapy and developer of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT).

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)

Therapy that challenges irrational beliefs to improve emotional well-being.

Hans Selye

Known for his work on stress and the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS).

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

A model describing the body’s response to stress in three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.

Kurt Lewin

Foundational figure in social psychology, known for group dynamics and field theory.

B.F. Skinner

Leading behaviorist known for operant conditioning and reinforcement.

Operant Conditioning

A learning process through which the consequences of a behavior influence its future occurrence.

Charles Darwin

Known for the theory of evolution by natural selection, impacting our understanding of behavior.

Roger Sperry

Researcher known for split-brain studies and the role of brain hemispheres in processing information.

Michael Gazzaniga

Key figure in neuropsychology, known for lateralization of brain function research.

Ernst Weber

Known for Weber's Law, describing the just noticeable difference (JND) between stimuli.

Amos Tversky

Groundbreaking cognitive psychologist known for decision-making and prospect theory.

Prospect Theory

A behavioral economic theory that describes how people choose between probabilistic alternatives.

Wolfgang Köhler

Known for contributions to gestalt psychology and insight learning with chimpanzees.

Hermann Ebbinghaus

Famous for his research on memory and the Ebbinghaus forgetting curve.

Ebbinghaus Forgetting Curve

A theory that describes how quickly information is forgotten over time.

Richard Atkinson

Known for developing the Atkinson-Shiffrin model of memory.

Atkinson-Shiffrin Model

A model that describes memory in terms of sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.

Richard Shiffrin

Collaborated with Atkinson on the Atkinson-Shiffrin model and researched attention.

Eric Kandel

Neuroscientist known for studying the biological basis of learning and memory.

Howard Gardner

Known for the theory of multiple intelligences, proposing diverse types of intelligences.

Multiple Intelligences

Theory suggesting that intelligence exists in various forms, including linguistic, logical, and musical.

Alfred Binet

Developer of the first intelligence test, influencing IQ testing.

Jean Piaget

Pioneering developmental psychologist known for cognitive development theory.

Cognitive Development Theory

A theory outlining how children's thinking develops through stages.

Elizabeth Loftus

Researcher known for studies on false memories and the misinformation effect.

False Memories

Memories that people recall inaccurately, sometimes due to misleading information.

Francis Galton

Worked on eugenics, psychometrics, and intelligence testing.

Psychometrics

The field of study concerned with the theory and technique of psychological measurement.

Steven Pinker

Cognitive scientist and linguist known for work on language evolution.

Innateness Hypothesis

The theory that humans are born with an inherent capacity for language.

L.L. Thurstone

Developed the primary mental abilities theory within psychometrics.

Primary Mental Abilities Theory

Theory suggesting intelligence comprises multiple distinct abilities.