340 Communicable Diseases and Immunizations- Exam 2

NUR 340 Exam 2

Varicella

• Skin rash with small, itchy blisters that start on chest, back, and face

• Spreads over other areas of the body

• Fever, fatigue, sore throat, headache

• Lasts 5-7 days

• Virus

• Contracted through inhalation of
  infected aerosolized virus

Airborne and contact precautions

Type of precautions for varicella

Diphtheria

• Gray colored pseudo-membrane covering throat and tonsils

• Sore throat, headache, cervical lymphadenopathy

• Bacteria

Contact and droplet precautions

Type of precautions for diphtheria

Mumps

• Virus

• Swelling of salivary glands (unilateral or bilateral)

• Orchitis

• Upper airway mucosal lining and regional lymph nodes

• Fever, headache, anorexia, fatigue

Droplet precautions

Type of precautions for mumps

Measles

• Affects regional lymph nodes and spreads throughout body (liver, spleen, bone marrow)

• Small red spots with white centers in mouth

• Rash starting at hairline and progressing downward

• Virus

Airborne precautions

Type of precautions for measless

Polio

• Virus

• Flu like symptoms

• Muscle weakness or paralysis, especially in legs

• Commonly seen in infants and young children who are not vaccinated or immunocompromised individuals

• Affects nervous system

Contact Precautions

Types of precautions for polio

Covid

• Virus

• Fever, cough, respiratory issues

• long term consequences

• impacts multiple systems

Droplet Precautions

Types of precautions for covid

Airborn Precautions

• Negative pressure room

• N95 mask

• Spread through microorganisms suspended in air

Droplet Precautions

• Single patient room

• Standard face mask

• Patient should wear mask outside of room

• Spread through contact with infected respiratory secretions

Contact Precautions

• Single patient room

• Gown and gloves

• PPE removed immediately after leaving room

• Spread by direct or indirect contact

Pertussis

• Bacterial infection

• Whooping cough

• Severe uncontrollable coughing fits

• DTaP vaccine can prevent

Scarlet Fever

• Bacterial infection

• Group A strep

• Fever, sore throat, strawberry tongue, enlarged lymph nodes in neck, N/V

• Red rash starting on face and spreading to rest of the body

• Get vaccinated for the flu to reduce the risk

Tinea

• Fungal infection

• Ringworm

• Spread through direct contact

• Circular, raised, red or scaly patches, itchy

• Antifungal cream

Candidasis

• Fungal infection

• Caused by an overgrowth of a yest like fungus

• Imbalance in the bodies natural flora, weakened immune system, etc

• ex: thrush

Scabies

• Parasite

• Highly contagious skin infection caused by a microscopic mite

• Transmitted by skin to skin contact, through blood

• Pimple like bumps or rash, itchy

• Burrows into skin

Lyme Disease

• Zoonotic

• Transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected tick

• Rash, fever, headache, fatigue, pain

• Can spread to other parts of body if not treated, and can cause arthritis, Neuro problems and heart problems

• Treated with antibiotics

Cat Scratch Disease

• Zoonotic

• Transmitted through scratch or bite of infected cat

• Small red bumps, fever, swollen lymph nodes, headache