L5 - Other Signaling Pathways

Receptor tyrosine kinase phosphorylates _____ residues

tyrosine

RTK are receptors, so they have what domains

an extracellular domain, transmembrane domain, intracellular domain

Not only is RTK a receptor, which means they're going to interact with the ligand, but they also have a kinase activity intracellularly, and so when the receptor is activated by the ligand outside of the cell, then there's going to be

some phosphorylation events that are going to occur inside the cell.

Insulin receptor is a ____

dimer

All other RTKs other than the insulin receptor are monomers but needs to be

dimerized to be catalytically active

Many RTK receptors are

GFRs (growth factor receptors)

Binding of insulin (ligand) to alpha domain to INSR initiates the process of the

catalytic domain in the cytosol (Beta domain)

SOS is a

guanine exchange factor

MEK and ERK are

protein kinases

Grb2 is an ____ protein

adaptor

Insulin can direct the GLUT4 transporter to the membrane via

different pathways

Electrogenic Na+K+ ATPase establishes the membrane

potential

Ions tend to move ____ their electrochemical gradient across the polarized membrane

down

Membrane can be depolarized with ___ channels

ion

Channels are good for ____ transport

rapid

Signal changes the voltage which causes the Na+ gates to open and rapidly _____ the membrane potential. K+ gates then open and rapidly _____ membrane potential.

increase; decrease

If a resting membrane potential is disturbed, a signal results to

Na+ and K+ gates

Refractory period is a time point where gates

cannot open because of a rush of ions

Action potential is mediated by the opening and closing of

gates (depolarization, repolarizing, resting)

Nuclear hormone receptor - they're not integral membrane proteins, they are receptors that will be found in the

nucleus. Ligand diffuses through simple diffusion. Initiates gene transcription