World History Final

What was the Progressive Era?

Aimed to restore economic opportunities and correct injustices in American life.

What are the four goals of the Progressive Era?

1) Protect Social welfare 2) Moral Improvement 3) Foster Efficiency 4) Economic reform

What was the purpose of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act?

Used to target large corporations that operated against the public interest.

What did the Elkins Act do?

Fined railroads that offered illegal rebates.

What was the purpose of the Hepburn Act?

Gave the ICC more power to set railroad rates.

What did the Meat Inspection Act establish?

Established federal standards for meat inspection.

What did the Pure Food and Drug Act regulate?

Regulated food and drug safety and labeling.

What was the focus of conservation during the Progressive Era?

Focused on preserving natural resources and wilderness.

What did the Clayton Anti-Trust Act do?

Strengthened anti-trust laws by prohibiting specific business practices.

What was the Federal Trade Commission created to do?

Prevent unfair business practices.

Define imperialism.

Building an empire.

What is Teddy Roosevelt's diplomacy style?

Big Stick Diplomacy.

What is William Taft's diplomacy style?

Dollar Diplomacy.

What is Woodrow Wilson's diplomacy style?

Moral Diplomacy.

What was the De Lome Letter?

A letter criticizing U.S. President William McKinley, written by the Spanish ambassador.

What event did the USS Maine relate to?

Its explosion in Havana fueled war fever against Spain.

What is yellow journalism?

Sensationalist newspapers exaggerated stories to sway public opinion.

What did the Emergency Quota Act do?

Limited immigrants to 3% of residents from that country in 1910.

Define Prohibition and the 18th Amendment.

A nationwide ban on alcohol production, established by the 18th Amendment.

What characterized the culture of women in the 1920s?

The emergence of 'The New Woman' with a more liberated attitude.

What is urban sprawl?

Low-density development spreading outwards from cities into rural areas.

Define the Harlem Renaissance and its causes.

A major African American cultural movement caused by the Great Migration.

Who was the President during WWI?

Woodrow Wilson.

What were the causes of America's entrance into WWI?

Unrestricted submarine warfare, the sinking of the Lusitania, and the Zimmermann Telegram.

What was the Treaty of Versailles?

It imposed harsh reparations and war guilt on Germany.

What was the Bonus Army?

WWI vets who marched on Washington demanding early payment of a bonus.

What was the significance of the Glass-Steagall Act?

Restored bank confidence by insuring deposits and separating commercial and investment banking.

What did the Federal Securities Act require?

Required companies to provide information for investors.

What did the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) do?

Raised farm prices by paying farmers to reduce production.

What did the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) create?

Jobs for young men in conservation projects.

What was the purpose of the Lend-Lease Act?

Gave weapons to countries necessary for US defense.

What was D-Day?

The Allied invasion of Normandy.

What was the Manhattan Project?

The development of the atomic bomb.

What was the GI Bill?

Provided soldiers with the chance at a college education and home loans.

What was the height of the Cold War and why?

The Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962, when the United States and the Soviet Union came closest to nuclear war.

Who was President during the Cuban Missile Crisis?

John F. Kennedy.

What is urban renewal?

The redevelopment of areas within a city, aimed to modernize cities but often displaced low-income residents.

What are suburbs/Levittowns?

Residential areas on the outskirts of cities, reflecting the post-World War II trend of urban sprawl.

What characterized 1950s pop culture?

Rock and roll music, television, and consumerism, reflecting a period of economic prosperity and cultural conformity.

What was LBJ's plan for America called?

The Great Society.

What inspired LBJ's Great Society?

FDR's New Deal.

What did the Immigration Act of 1965 change?

It changed immigration rules to let in more people based on family and skills, not where they were from.

What was the Elementary & Secondary Education Act?

It provided money to public schools, especially for kids who needed extra help.

What did the Economic Opportunity Act create?

Programs to fight poverty like Head Start and Job Corps.

What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 accomplish?

Made discrimination illegal because of race, religion, sex, etc., and ended segregation.

What was the outcome of Brown vs. Board?

Desegregated schools across America.

What is de facto segregation?

Segregation that exists in practice, even if not required by law.

What is de jure segregation?

Segregation that is required by law.

What was the significance of Rosa Parks' arrest?

It sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

What strategies were used during the Civil Rights Movement?

Nonviolent protest, legal challenges, and civil disobedience, which achieved legislative victories.

What was the Children's Crusade?

A march in Birmingham, Alabama, in 1963 that drew national attention to the Civil Rights Movement.

What happened on April 4, 1968?

MLK Jr. was assassinated in Memphis, TN, leading to riots in hundreds of cities across the US.

What is the Domino Theory?

The theory that if one country in a region falls to communism, then the surrounding countries will follow.

Who was Ho Chi Minh?

Vietnamese revolutionary leader and president of North Vietnam.

What is the Credibility Gap?

The difference between what the government reported and what was actually happening, leading to public distrust.

What is Vietnamization?

A policy to gradually withdraw U.S. troops and transfer combat responsibilities to South Vietnam.

What was the Tet Offensive?

A major series of surprise attacks by North Vietnamese and Viet Cong forces on cities and towns in South Vietnam during the holidays in 1968.

What was the My Lai Massacre?

The killing of unarmed Vietnamese civilians by U.S. soldiers in 1968.

What were the Pentagon Papers?

A secret study of U.S. involvement in Vietnam, leaked to the public.

What is the War Powers Act?

A law passed in 1973 to limit the president's power to commit U.S. forces to combat without congressional approval.

Why did the US get involved in Vietnam?

Due to the Domino Theory.

Why did students protest the Vietnam War?

They viewed it as unjust, immoral, and unwinnable, and opposed the draft.

How did the 'Living Room War' affect people's perception of the government?

Graphic images of the war led to a loss of credibility.

What lasting effects did the Vietnam War have on veterans?

Agent Orange exposure, difficulty readjusting to civilian life, and intense combat experiences.

What is the legacy of the Vietnam War?

Loss of trust in the government, reluctance to intervene in foreign conflicts, and a divided nation.

What was the Counterculture Movement?

A movement during a time of social and political change, with protests against the Vietnam War and questioning of traditional values.

What were significant events of the Counterculture Movement?

Woodstock, Summer of Love; figures like Bob Dylan and Timothy Leary.

What were the achievements of the Counterculture Movement?

Influenced culture, music, and fashion, promoted peace, love, and individual expression.

What is New Federalism?

A policy to shift power from the federal government back to state and local governments using block grants.

What was Watergate?

A political scandal involving a break-in at the DNC and a cover-up by Nixon's administration, leading to Nixon's resignation.

What was the impact of Watergate on public trust?

It increased distrust and cynicism in the U.S. government.

What was President Carter's focus in foreign policy?

Prioritizing global human rights in foreign policy.

What were the Camp David Accords?

A peace treaty brokered by Carter between Israel and Egypt in 1978.

What was the Iran Hostage Crisis?

A 1979 standoff where Iranian students seized the U.S. embassy in Tehran.

What is Reaganomics?

Policies aimed at stimulating economic growth by reducing taxes for businesses and individuals and decreasing government spending.

What were shifts in judicial power during Reagan's presidency?

Changes in the judiciary's influence, especially the Supreme Court, with the appointment of conservative judges.