Studied by 123 Peopledominance *
Tags & Description
dominance *
one allele dominates the other allele
incomplete dominance *
neither allele is expressed fully, phenotypes are blended
codominance *
both alleles are expressed fully
pleiotropy *
one gene affects several phenotypes
monogenic inheritance *
traits based on a single gene
polygenic inheritance *
traits based on multiple genes
epistasis *
one gene masks or modifies the phenotype of another gene
norm of reaction *
phenotypic range of a particular genotype is affected by the environment (ex: pH soil and flower color)
how many different types of gametes? *
2^n when n = each heterozygous pair
describe the basic functions all life forms must accomplish
adaptation and evolution,
maintain order
excrete waste
reproduction and growth
uptake and processing of nutrients/energy
respond to stimuli/maintain homeostasis
compare and contrast eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
eukaryotic: has nucleus, nuclear envelopes surrounding organelles, certain cells have cell walls, DNA combines with proteins to form chromosomes within nucleus
prokaryotes: no nucles, no membrane enclosed organelles, almost all have cell walls
population
all of a certain species in an area
community
all the living species in the same area
ecosystem
all of the living things and the environment in an area (abiotic and biotic)
hypothesis
inquiry that asks specific questions, must be testable and falsifiable
two main points of darwin's on the origin of species
descent with modification
natural selection
emergent properties of water
cohesion (binding to neighboring molecules due to hydrogen bonding - includes adhesion and surface tension
moderation of temperature: water absorbs warm air and releases it to cooler air
expansion upon freezing: insulates bodies of water and environments
versatility as a solvent: polar water molecule interacts with ionic compounds
molarity
moles/liter
each pH unit represents a _____ difference in H+ concentrations
tenfold
acid
donates H+ ions
base
accepts H+ ions, donates OH- ions
difference between strong acids and weak acids
strong acids/bases dissociate completely, weak acids/bases have reversible binding
H+ and OH- totals up to ____
10^-14 where each is 10^-7 in a neutral solution
a buffer is
a substance that minimizes changes in H+ and OH- concentrations, consists of a weak acid-base pair
asymmetric carbon
carbon attached to four different types of atoms
hydroxyl
(-OH)
carboxyl
(-COOH)
carbonyl
(=CO)
amino
(-NH2)
phosphate
P bonded to four O
most common elements in living organisms
CHONPS: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
van der waals interactions
type of weak bond where transiently positive and negative regions of molecules attract each other
heat
total amount of kinetic energy
temperature
measure of the average kinetic energy
starch
storage polysaccharide in plants composed of amylose and amylopectin
glycogen
main storage polysaccharide in animals
cellulose
structural polysaccharide that is a major component of cell walls
subunit of carbs?
sugars
subunit of lipids?
fatty acids
subunit of proteins?
amino acids
subunit of nucleic acids?
nucleotides
carbohydrates provide energy in the form of ____
glucose
chitin
structural polysaccharide found in exoskeleton of anthropods and in fungal cell walls
unsaturated fats...
have double bonds, makes them have kinks (butter when i put it in the microwave)
saturated fats...
have no double bonds, solid (butter)
phospholipids are made of...
two fatty acids and a phosphate group
primary protein structure
unique sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide
secondary protein structure
local folding of the polypeptide held in place by hydrogen bonding
alpha helix
beta pleated sheet
tertiary protein structure
overall 3D shape resulting from amino acids and R group interactions
