Studied by 46 PeopleTags & Description
What is the function and location of the nucleus
Protects DNA that controls the activities of the cell, found in plants and animals
What is the function and location of chloroplasts
Makes sugar and energy using sunlight, plant cells only
What is the function and location of the mitochondria
Makes energy by cellular respiration, converts glucose to ATP to fuel all cell functions, in animal AND plant cells
What is the function and location of the Rough and Smooth ER
Rough: Makes and modifies proteins, sends in vesicles to the Golgi. Smooth: Makes phospholipids and steroid hormones, stores calcium In plant and animal cells
What is the function and location of the cytoplasm
The cytoplasm helps to move materials, such as hormones, around the cell and also dissolves cellular waste. In bacteria, animals, and plants
What is the function and location of ribosomes
Reads instructions from DNA to make proteins, located in plants, animals, and bacteria
What is the function and location of the cell/plasma membrane
Controls what moves in and out of the cell, protects cell, recognizes signals from other cells. Located in plants, animals, and bacteria.
What is the function and location of the Golgi apparatus
Receives vesicles of proteins from the ER, processes sorts and ships proteins where needed, produces lysosomes and secretory vesicles. Found in plants and animals
What is the function and location of lysosomes
Break down old dead stuff, can do programmed cell death when cell gets old. Animal cells only
What is the function and location of vacuoles
Central Vacuole (plants): Storage of water, maintains pressure against the cell wall to help plant cells maintain shape Vacuoles (animal cells): Storage of water and waste. Contractile vacuole- found in protists, regulates excess water
What is the function and location of the cytoskeleton
Reinforces cell shape. Microfilaments: maintains cell shape, muscle contraction. Microtubules: Hollow, maintains cell shape, anchorage of nucleus. Located in animal, plant, and bacteria cells.
What is the function and location of centrioles
Appear during cell division, help divide the cell by pulling chromosomes apart. Animal cells only
What is the function and location of the nucleolus
Makes a type of RNA that is assembled into ribosomes in the cytoplasm. In plants and animals
What is the function and location of the nuclear membrane
acts as a barrier that separates the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm. In plant and animal cells
What is the function and location of nuclear pores
allows small molecules and ions to freely pass, or diffuse, into or out of the nucleus. In plant and animal cells.
What is the function and location of the cell wall
Protects the cell and helps it maintain shape. In plants it prevents cells from expanding too much as water varies in the environment. Found in bacteria and plants.
What is the function and location of the plasmodesmata
a channel through the cell wall that allows molecules and substances to move back and forth as needed. In plant cells
What is the function and location of gap junctions
they are channels between adjacent cells that allow for the transport of ions, nutrients, and other substances that enable cells to communicate. In animal cells
What is the function and location of tight junctions
regulate the diffusion of molecules across tissues. Found in animal cells
What is the function and location of the Nucleoid region
This region regulates the growth, reproduction, and function of the prokaryotic cell. Bacteria cells only
Who are the five cell scientists and what did they do
Robert Hooke- used microscope to look at cork, found "chambers" (dead cells) Anton Van Leeuwenhoek- first to observe microorganisms Matthias Schleiden- proposed all plants are made of cells Theodor Schwann- proposed all animals are made of cells Rudolf Virchow- proposed all cells come from pre-existing cells
what are the 3 parts of the cell theory
All living things are made of cells.
Cells are the basic units of life (structure and function)
All cells come from cells.
What are the differences between plant and animal cells?
Plant cells have a cell wall, a fixed shape, one big vacuole, and chloroplasts. Animal cells have no cell wall, an irregular shape, many small vacuoles, lysosomes and centrioles
What are the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? Give examples of each type of cell
Prokaryotes have no nucleus, they are smaller, include bacteria, small ribosomes, and binary fusion. Eukaryotes have a nucleus, they are bigger, include plants, animals, fungi, protists, large ribosomes, and mitosis
What organelles are involved with protein synthesis?
Ribosomes, rough ER, nucleus
What is the endomembrane system and what organelles are involved
Vesicles can bud off or fuse with other membrane bound organelles which aids in the synthesis, storage, and export and molecules. Includes ER, golgi body, lysosomes, vesicles, and plasma membrane
What does it mean to be selectively permeable?
Only certain substances can pass through
What are the 3 types of passive transport? Describe them.
Simple diffusion- movement of molecules (fluid or gas) from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration Osmosis- simple diffusion of water across the cell membrane Faciliated diffusion- like simple diffusion but uses transport proteins. Proteins aid molecules that normally couldn't pass
What two different proteins are used in facilitated diffusion, and what are there functions?
Channel proteins- have a pore that materials use to cross randomly Carrier proteins- change shape to move material
What are the 3 types of osmotic solutions? Describe them.
Hypotonic- solute concentration is LOWER outside of the cell than inside. water will rush INTO the cell Isotonic- equal concentrations of solute in and out of the cell. water will move in equal parts in and out Hypertonic- solute concentration is HIGHER outside of the cell than inside. water will rush OUT of the cell
Differentiate between plant and animal cell osmosis, and which solution makes them happy.
Plant cells are happiest in a hypotonic solution, while animal cells are happiest in an isotonic solution.
What are the 3 types of active transport? Define them.
Exocytosis- molecules are moved out of the cell via vesicles that fuse with the membrane Endocytosis- large molecules are moved into the cell using vesicles Sodium potassium pump- uses energy in the form of ATP to keep sodium and potassium concentrations regulated
What are the three types of endocytosis? What are the differences between them?
Pinocytosis- "cell drinking." Cell takes in a small amount of extracellular fluid with molecules. Phagocytosis- "cell eating." Cell engulfs large particles (like food or bacteria) into large particles Receptor mediated endocytosis- integral proteins on the cell membrane have receptors that bind to materials like hormones and cholesterol. Materials are then engulfed by the cell when recognized
What is exocytosis?
Materials are moved out of the cell via vesicles that fuse with the membrane
What is the main difference between active and passive transport?
Active requires energy, passive doesn't
What is the source of energy in active transport?
ATP
Why does active transport require energy?
Because it is going against the concentration gradient
What molecules pass through the membrane easily; name TWO specific gases that pass through easily?
Lipid soluble molecules, small molecules, large hydrophobic molecules. O2, H20
Explain what is happening in the Na/K pump
Uses energy in the form of ATP to keep sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) concentrations. Uses a transport protein that changes shape to facilitate the movement of both ions (study picture)
