Linux Exam 2 - Small set

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55 Terms

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Process definition
Program running in memory using resources
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Main process states
Running, waiting/blocked, terminated
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ps aux
Show all processes for all users
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top command
Real-time interactive process viewer
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kill vs killall
kill targets PID, killall targets process name
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nice priority range
-20 (highest) to 19 (lowest)
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stdin/stdout/stderr codes
0, 1, 2 respectively
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Pipe symbol
| combines output of one command into input of another
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Command substitution syntax
$(command)
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apt definition
Advanced Package Tool, Debian-based
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apt install
Installs package
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apt update/upgrade
Update list, upgrade all packages
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rpm definition
RPM Package Manager, Red Hat-based
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dnf install
Installs rpm package
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Snap definition
Containerized app with sandbox
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Source compilation steps
./configure → make → make install
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systemd definition
Modern init system replacing System V
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systemctl start/stop
Start or stop a service
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systemctl enable/disable
Enable/disable service at boot
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journalctl -u
Show logs for specific service
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logrotate purpose
Rotate/compress old logs to save disk space
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Firewall purpose
Protect system, restrict access, NAT/logging
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iptables vs nftables
iptables legacy, nftables modern replacement
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nft list ruleset
Review current firewall rules
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firewalld/ufw
Common firewall front-ends (RHEL, Ubuntu)
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Networking models
OSI (7 layers) vs TCP/IP (4 layers)
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IPv4 address size
32-bit, 4 octets
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IPv6 address size
128-bit, hex blocks
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CIDR notation example
192.168.5.0/24
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Special IPv4 ranges
127.0.0.0 loopback, 192.168.x private, 10.x private
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TCP vs UDP
TCP reliable/connection-oriented, UDP fast/connectionless
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Well-known ports range
0–1024
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Common port SSH
TCP/22
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Common port HTTP/HTTPS
TCP/80, TCP/443
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ip addr show
List interfaces
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hostname command
Set/check system FQDN
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NetworkManager tools
nmcli, nmtui, GUI
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ping protocol
ICMP, checks reachability
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traceroute purpose
Trace path hops to target
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wget vs curl
wget downloads files/sites, curl supports more protocols
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DHCP ports
UDP/67, UDP/68
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SSH config file
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
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DNS ports
UDP/53, TCP/53
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BIND config file
/etc/named.conf
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SMTP ports
TCP/25, 465, 587
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POP ports
TCP/110, 995
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IMAP ports
TCP/143, 993
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Postfix purpose
Email server (send/receive only)
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Dovecot/Courier purpose
Provide POP/IMAP mailbox access
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Apache HTTPD
Popular web server, competitor Nginx
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LDAP ports
TCP/389, 636 (LDAPS)
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OpenLDAP
Free/open-source directory service
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Samba purpose
Integrate Linux with Windows AD, file/printer sharing
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TLS definition
Transport Layer Security, replaces SSL
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OpenSSL uses
Generate certificates, encrypt data, troubleshoot /