Biology
study of living organisms
organism
an individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form.
reproduction
is the action or process of making a copy of something.
environment .
the surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives or operates.
adaptation
the action or process of adapting or being adapted.
cell
the smallest unit that can live on its own and that makes up all living organisms and the tissues of the body.
homeostasis
the tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium (response to the environment)
metabolism
is the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.
evolution
is the process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed
universal genetic code
DNA is considered a universal genetic code
Describe the characteristics of life
– Being made up of units called cells • Living things grow and develop – By obtaining materials & energy • Living things reproduce • Living things adapt – By stimulus & response – Maintaining a stable internal environment (homeostasis) – Changing over time (evolution)
carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and water cycles
Biofechemcial cycles
abiotic factors
abiotic are non-living components; such as water, soil, and atmosphere.
biotic factors
are living things within an ecosystem; such as plants, animals, bacteria
food chains
series of energy transfers through consumption
food webs
network of food chains
ecology
The scientific study of how organisms interact with one another and their environment.
levels of organization
Organism Population community ecosystem Biome Biosphere
producers
use light energy to produce food
consumer
must consume others to get food and energy.
predator
one species catches and feeds on another
prey
an animal that is caught and killed by another for food.
Detrivore
feeds on dead matter
decomposer
break down organic matter
scavenger
a carnivore that consumes already dead meat
autotroph
Autotrophs use light energy to produce food
heterotroph
Heterotrophs must consume others to get food and energy.
symbiosis
interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association, typically to the advantage of both.
mutualism
both organisms benefit from the relationship
parasitism
one organism benefits and the other is harmed in the relationship
commensalism
one organism benefits and the other is not affected in the relationship
habitat
where an organism lives
Niche –
he role of an organism in its habitat and all the conditions in which it lives.
List and describe the steps of the scientific method
Asking a Question • Forming a Hypothesis • Gathering information
hypothesis • Setting up an Experiment • Recording and Analyzing Results • Drawing a Conclusion
Hypothesis
Make a prediction about the outcome. The hypothesis must be testable. How will the independent variable affect the dependent variable? IF then statement
conclusion
the end or finish of an event or process.
theory
a system of ideas intended to explain something
quantitative and qualitative data
Quantitative data are measures of values or counts and are expressed as numbers. Qualitative data are data about categorical variables
Atom
the basic unit of a chemical element
Bond
a lasting attraction between atoms or ions
Polar molecule
a molecule that has a charge on one side of the molecule, that is not canceled out.
organic compound
Naturally occurring atoms of different substances chemically combine
macromolecules
A macromolecule is a very large molecule important to biophysical processes
Monomers
one unit
Polymers
many units
carbohydrates
Monosaccharides Disaccharides Polysaccharides C, H, O
lipids
Fats C, H less O
proteins
Large complex polymers Made of amino acids C,H,O,N
nucleic acids
Complex macromolecule that stores information in cells in the form of a code C,H,O,N,P
condensation
building up
hydrolysis
Breaking down
Name & describe the unique characteristics of water that make it valuable to living things.
•Water has high surface tension.
•Water expands when it freezes.
•Water resists temperature change.
•Water creeps up thin tubes.
•Adhesion- one substance attracted to another different substance
•Cohesion- one substance attracted to the same substance
•Water has a high heat of vaporization.
Water is a universal solvent
Water is Polar
Studied by 106 People