Special Education: Key Concepts, Models, and Legal Frameworks

LRE stands for

Least restrictive environment

The concept that no child with disabilities can be excluded from receiving a free appropriate public education (FAPE) is referred to as _______

Zero reject

What model has tiers to intervene academically?

RTI

What model has tiers to intervene behaviorally

PBIS

what tier of RTI is the general education classroom?

Tier 1

Which process is essential to effectively implement RTI because it measures students' response to interventions and determines if additional intervention is needed?

Progress monitoring

Can parents refuse placement suggestions?

Yes

parent consent is NOT required for evaluation

False

The purpose of special education is to give students access to the general education classroom/content

True

Federal special education law (IDEA) does not require collaboration between schools and families

False

The general education classroom is:

Tier 1

How many tiers are REQUIRED by IDEA

0

Which answer is an overriding characteristic of students with learning disabilities.

Ineffective or inefficient information processing or learning strategies in the areas of difficulty

What does comorbid mean

disabilities commonly co-occuring

What is an example of internalized behavior?

Thinking negative/anxious thoughts

Which disabilities are/can be genetic?

Learning disabilities

Mental illnesses

ADHD

all of these can be genetic

All of these can be genetic

What is an example of self-monitoring

Keeping track of my water

What does FBA stand for?

Functional Behavioral assessment

Which statement about functional behavioral assessment is accurate?

Method of gathering data to design a plan to intervene on behavior

All answers include a potential result of teachers misinterpreting the behavior of minority students, EXCEPT for which one?

Increased student expectations

When Mark yells and throws temper tantrums, his classmates and teacher proceed with the lesson as if nothing were happening. Which strategy are they using to help Mark improve his behavior?

extinction

How many steps are there in the acting out cycle?

7

you can out grow a disability?

FALSE

Highest point of the acting out cycle

Peak

In what phase of the acting out cycle do students start/do we want to teach them?

Calm

Where is ideal to intervene in the acting out cycle?

Aggitation

1950s belief about the cause of Autism

Unhealthy family relationships (refrigerator moms)

Year of the first law for special education in the US

1970s

Gender at higher risk for autism identification

Boys

Main characterisitcs of Autism in DSM-5

Social communication and interaction deficits, RRBs

Earliest diagnosis age

18 months

criteria for SPED services under all categories

symptoms causing clinically significant impairment that adversely affect educational performacnce

What cannot co-occur with autism eligibility unless they can be separated via assessments

ASD and EBD

Externalizing behaviors

Disruptive, aggressive, trouble complying

Internalizing behaviors

Anorexia, bulimia, depression, anxiety

EBP for autistic students that is not proven for other students

Social stories

Key points in the federal definition of "(specific) learning disabilities"?

Imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or do mathematical calculations.

A learning disorder marked by impairment of the ability to recognize and comprehend written words.

Dyslexia

Dysgraphia is:

A neurological disorder marked by impairment of the ability to write, especially to write by hand and to spell.

A comparison between scores on standardized intelligence and achievement tests is ______.

IQ- Achievement discrepancy

Involves three tiers of progressively more intensive instruction, with monitoring of progress in each of the tiers.

Response-to-intervention (RTI)

Why is "early identification" often difficult in the specific learning disability category?

At younger ages (such as preschool), kids haven't really been exposed to academics such as reading and math. Some children also experience developmental delays. This means that until they are older, we are really referring to prediction rather than identification.

The ability to recognize tasks requirements, select and implement appropriate strategies, and monitor and adjust performance.

Metacognition

Using pictures and/or words to help remember information.

Mnemonic devices

Everyone is an individual. Just because you are in a certain category does not mean that all of the characteristics of that category apply to you.

True

Example: Learning addition and subtraction instead of the grade-level expectations of multiplication and division.

modification

Example: Extra time for processing information.

accommodation

Example: Learning expectations at a different grade level.

modification

example: using visuals

accommodation

example: verbal and written instructions.

Accommodation

Example: learning to spell five words instead of ten.

Modification

Example: Information chunking

accommodation

Example: small group instruction and testing.

Accommodation

Example: flexible or alternative seating.

Accommodation

Example: Using assistive technology

Accommodation

Example: Writing an alternative assignment different from the rest of the class.

Modification

Example: providing additional time for an assignment.

Accommodation

Example: Using visual or verbal prompts

Accommodation

Example: Giving a choice of assessment tasks.

Accommodation

Example: Using a calculator for a test

Modification

Each of the following is a part of the definition of emotional disturbance except:

An inability in one or more of the basic psychological processes

The highest rate of depression occurs among:

Adolescent girls

which of the following is NOT an EBD

Autism

Define behavior trap

Using a students interest of choice to motivate them to do their academics

Which of the following is true about the cause of Autism?

Genetic factors but cause unknown

What are the main techniques for students with SLD to help them learn acadmeics?

scaffold the lessons

Which is NOT an evidence based practice for autism?

Weighted vests