Equine Thoracic Limb, Arthology

what are the components of a synovial joint

joint capsule

articular cartilage

joint cavity

synovial fluid

what are the components of the joint capsule

fibrous membrane

synovial membrane

fibrous membrane of the joint capsule

outer, thicker layer

synovial membrane of the joint capsule

inner, produces synovial fluid, provides cushiony effect for ends of bones

where is the articular cartilage located

covering the bone ends in a synovial joint

the joint cavity contains what

synovial fluid

what is a compound joint

a synovial joint that has multiple levels of articulation or multiple joints within one bigger joint

what is another name for a compound joint

composite joint

what are the components of a compound joint

common fibrous capsule

individual synovial compartments

the carpus of a horse is what kind of joint

compound

what are the joints in the equine carpus

antebrachiocarpal joint

midcarpal joint

carpometacarpal joint

what joint of the carpus provides the most movememnt

antebrachiocarpal joint

what two joints of the carpus have communicating synovial compartments

midcarpal and carpometacarpal joints

the antebrachiocarpal, midcarpal and carpometacarpal joints are all surrounded by what

common fibrous capsule

the superficial anatomy of the carpus contains what

retinacula

what are retinacula

condensed bands of fascia that hold tendons in place

what are the two retinacula of the carpus

extensor and flexor

extensor retinaculum

on the lateral side

flexor retinaculum

on medial side

most tendons have synovial tendon sheaths allowing them to glide freely over bony prominences of the carpus, EXCEPT

flexor carpi ulnaris

short tendon of the ulnaris lateralis

why do the flexor carpi ulnaris and short tendon of the ulnaris lateralis not have tendon sheaths

both insert on the accessory carpal bone, not passing over any bony prominences

that carpal canal is for two tendons

DDF tendon and SDF tendon

where is the carpal canal

one the palmar medial side of the carpus

surrounds the DDF tendon and SDF tendon in the carpal canal

carpal synovial sheath

what is the superficial boundary of the carpal canal

flexor retinaculum

what is the deep boundary of the carpal canal

palmar carpal ligament

tenosynovitis

inflammation of a tendon sheath

what are the tendons located in the metacarpal region

common digital extensor

lateral digital extensor

(metacarpal bone IV)

interosseous muscle (suspensory ligament)

extensor branch of the interosseous

DDF

SDF

where does the common digital extensor tendon insert

extensor process of P3

insertion of the suspensory ligament

proximal sesamoid bones

insertion of the DDF tendon

flexor surface of P3

insertion of the SDF tendon

splits and inserts on distal end of P1 and proximal end of P3

what are the annular ligaments

palmar annular ligament

proximal digital annual ligament

distal digital annular ligament

what are the functions of the annular ligaments

to hold the tendons in place

palmar annular ligament

spans level of the fetlock, used to hold the DDF and SDF tendon in their position palmar

proximal digital annular ligament

X shape

distal digital annular ligament

crescent shaped

what are the ligaments at the fetlock

palmar annular ligament

suspensory ligament

palmar ligament (aka intersesamoidean ligament)

oblique sesamoidean ligament

straight sesamoidean ligament

cruciate sesamoidean ligament

function of the sesamoidean ligaments

to help stabilize distal joints so they don't collapse

manica flexoria

tunnel formed by the SDF tendon that allows the passage of the DDF tendon as it has to insert in a more distal location

digital cushion

a thick pad of fat and fibrous tissue that lies beneath the sensitive frog, helps cushion

navicular bone

distal sesamoid bone

navicular bursa

helps cushion the DDF tendon as it is passing over navicular bone (also called bursa podotrochlearis)

when palpating the metacarpal region, in what order do you palpate the tendons on the palmar side / what are they

suspensory ligament, DDF, SDF

distal check ligament

accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor

proximal check ligament

accessory ligament of the superficial digital flexor

navicular syndrome

degenerative disease produces can intermittent lameness

can be chronic or acute

can affect navicular bone, navicular bursa, or DDF tendon (or a combination of all 3)

unknown cause

treated with NSAIDS and rest

navicular bursitis

inflammation of navicular bursa

usually by way of penetrating wound

lameness

bowed tendons

strain of the flexor tendons going through metacarpal region

you detect a swelling on the palmar aspect of the metacarpus

tenosynovitis of the tendons due to over exertion

rest