Unit 2 APUSH Flashcards

What years mark the exploration period in North America?

1491-1607.

What years represent the colonization period in North America?

1607-1754.

Which countries were the earliest to start settlements in America?

Spain and Portugal in Central and South America.

What were the first successful British colonies?

Jamestown and Plymouth.

What characterized the development of the 13 English Colonies?

Each colony developed its own identity based on regional influences and the backgrounds of settlers.

What was the first colony established in America?

Jamestown in 1607.

What are the three types of charters granted to the colonies?

1. Corporate: Operated by Joint-Stock companies for profit. 2. Royal: Operated directly by the King’s government. 3. Proprietary: Land given by the King in exchange for service.

What leadership helped Jamestown succeed?

Captain John Smith helped Jamestown become successful.

What crop was crucial for the success of Jamestown?

Tobacco.

What system was introduced in Jamestown to promote settlement?

The headright system.

When was the Act of Toleration enacted in Maryland?

What was the significance of the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut?

It was the first written constitution in American history, establishing a representative government.

Who founded Rhode Island and what was its principle?

Roger Williams founded Rhode Island, allowing religious freedom and recognizing Native land rights.

What was the main economic focus of South Carolina in the 18th century?

Large rice-growing plantations worked by enslaved Africans.

What was Pennsylvania known for under William Penn?

A safe haven for Quakers and promotion of equality and religious freedom.

What was the original purpose of founding Georgia?

To protect South Carolina from Spanish attacks and as a place for the imprisoned.

What were the Halfway Covenants and why were they created?

Halfway Covenants were created by Puritan ministers to increase church membership as the practice weakened due to greater diversity, allowing individuals to be inducted without a full conversion.

What was the significance of the House of Burgesses?

Organized in 1619, the House of Burgesses included representation in lawmaking but was largely dominated by elite planters.

What was the Mayflower Compact?

Created in 1620 by the Pilgrims, it was an early form of self-governance and a rudimentary written constitution.

What was the role of town meetings in New England?

Town meetings were platforms for community decision-making, mainly limited to white male property owners, reflecting the coexistence of democratic ideas and anti-democratic practices.

How did transatlantic trade function during the colonial period?

It involved trading goods from New England for enslaved Africans in West Africa, who were transported via the Middle Passage to the West Indies and traded for goods like sugarcane, creating a profitable cycle.

What was the Royal African Company's role in the trade for enslaved Africans?

The Royal African Company initially monopolized the trade for enslaved Africans but soon became exhausted, leading to the involvement of New England merchants.

What is mercantilism?

Mercantilism is an economic theory originating in the 17th century stating that a nation should export more than it imports, leading to the creation of colonies to enrich the mother country through restrictive trade policies.

What effect did mercantilism have on colonial economies?

It led to slow economic growth in the Americas due to controlled pricing by the British, along with increased trade with Native Americans for cultural exchanges.

What was salutary neglect?

Salutary neglect refers to the British government's failure to strictly enforce trade regulations due to large distances and internal challenges, allowing the colonies more freedom.

What was the Dominion of New England?

A short-lived merging of several colonies under King James II, led by Sir Edmund Andros, which attempted to enforce stricter controls before collapsing after the Glorious Revolution.

What was the New England Confederation?

A military alliance formed by the New England colonies to protect against threats from Native Americans and other European powers, lasting until 1684.

What was the outcome of the conflict with Metacom (King Philip's War)?

Metacom lost to the colonists and their Indian allies, leading to the end of most Native American resistance in New England.

What was Bacon's Rebellion and its significance?

Led by Nathaniel Bacon, it was a rebellion against the colonial elite in Virginia, highlighting disparities between rich and poor, conflicts with Native Americans, and colonial resistance.

How did Spanish colonization differ from British methods?

Spanish methods were harsher, involving conversion and the encomienda system, but after a Pueblo revolt, they adopted a more lenient approach, which led to greater stability.