Design Academy Exam 1 Non-Picture items

TU Exam 1 Study Guide Design Academy

The three steps to the design thinking process?

1\.Needfinding 2. Brainstorming 3. Prototyping

7 Rules of brainstorming

1\.Defer Judgment!

2\.Go for Quantity

3\.Encourage Wild Ideas

4\.Write everything down – be visual, make sketches

5\.One conversation at a time

6\.Stay on topic

7\.Build off of the ideas of others

Scale model

◦For physically large projects it's helpful to view the full design at a smaller scale. 

Works-Like Prototype

◦whether the device can function well enough to meet the design specification requirements. 

Tests-Like Prototype

To see if the functional prototype can be turned into a real product.

What is a detail part?

Engineering Drawings tell manufacturers how to produce your design.

What is an assembly?

Tells a manufacturer how to put detail parts together to create a finished product.

Buck rivets?

A rivet gun hammers against the rivet and a bucking bar on the other side deforms the end of the rivet to secure it in place.

**Blind/Pop rivets?**

Used to fasten materials when the back side of the material is inaccessable. A rivet assembly is positioned in the hole and a tool pulls the mandrel through the tubular rivet, causing it to expand and tightly secure the materials.

Corner bracket?

Inside the corner piece.

Corner gusset?

On the side of a corner piece.

What is a splice?

**A method of joining two members end to end in woodworking.**

Stress?

The measure of what the material feels from externally applied forces. It is simply a ratio of the external forces to the cross sectional area of the material.

Strain?

The ratio of the change in length to the original length. A measure of the deformation caused by stress.

Yield Strength?

Amount of stress that causes a specific amount of plastic deformation.

Ultimate Tensile Strength?

The maximum amount of stress a material can withstand before it fractures.

**Elastic?**

Temporary deformation. When stress is removed, the material returns to its original shape.

**Plastic?**

Permanent deformation. Even when the stress is removed, the material does not return to its original shape.

**Hardness?**

The resistance to plastic deformation.

**Toughness?**

The ability of a material to absorb energy and plastically deform without fracturing.

**Ductile?**

The ability to be drawn and withstand tensile stress without fracturing.

**Fatigue?**

Cracking due to cyclical loading.

Four main types of steel?

Caron, Alloy, Stainless, and Tool Steel.

**Annealing?**

Heat treatment to increase ductility, reduce hardness and make it easy to work. Heat above the recrystallization temperature, hold it there, then cool.

**Case Hardening/Surface Hardening?**

The outside surface of low-carbon steel is hardened while the material underneath remains soft. Carbon is added to the outer surface. Good for surfaces that are subjected to sliding contact or abrasives.

**Age Hardening / Precipitation Hardening?**

It relies on changes in solid solubility with temperature to produce fine particles of an impurity phase, which impede the movement of dislocations, or defects in a crystal's lattice. Since dislocations are often the dominant carriers of plasticity, this serves to harden the material.

**Tempering?**

Heat treat to increase the toughness of iron-based alloys. Usually performed after hardening to reduce the hardness. Heat it, then cool it in quickly in air, then heat it again. Springs are tempered at a higher temperature than hard tools. 

**Quenching?**

Rapidly cooling metal in a medium like oil, water, air, etc. to increase hardness.

Basic characteristics of Aluminum?

∙1/3 the density of steel, more ductile, immediately oxidizes in air, forming a protective layer that prevents corrosion. It visually resembles silver because it is very reflective, like silver. 

Bushing?

Typically a round sleeve of material that lines a hole. Just one part.

Bearing?

Typically is made up for more than one part.

Clevis?

An U-shaped or forked metal connector within which another part can be fastened by means of a bolt or pin passing through the ends of the connector.

**Drill Bushings?**

For drill templates to show mechanics where to drill. Very hard.

Arbor Press?

A small hand-operated press. It is typically used to perform smaller jobs, such as staking, riveting, installing, configuring and removing bearings and other press fit work.