final stretch

Which neurotransmitter is critical for the formation of PTSD?

Norepinephrine / Noradrenaline / NE / NA

______ are people who have a combination of limited mental abilities and extraordinary memories.

Savants / Savant

What part of the brain did H.M. have removed?

Hippocampus / Hippocampi

______ damage produces a memory deficit for new facts.

Hippocampal / Hippocampus

The children raised in Romanian orphanages had a high probability of developing the symptoms associated with which neurological disorder?

Autism / ASD / Autism spectrum disorder

______ is a mercury-based preservative used in vaccines

Thimerosal / Ethylmercury

What is the addictive drug in coffee?

Caffeine

The three key features of any addictive drug are: tolerance, craving, and ______.

Withdrawal

The combination of the actual drug response with the compensatory response results in what phenomenon?

Tolerance

______, or unlearning, is the only way to diminish a learned compensatory response.

Extinction

______ neurons are mostly found in the ventral tegmental area.

Dopamine / Dopaminergic / DA

Which addictive drug blocks the reuptake of dopamine into VTA neurons?

Cocaine

Increased level of activity of the ______ nervous system produces poor sleep patterns

Sympathetic / SNS

Does light increase or decrease melatonin levels?

Decrease / Decreases / Suppresses

Early morning grogginess is due to high levels of ______

Melatonin

Which sleep stage has an EEG pattern that resembles the awake EEG pattern?

REM / E.M

Activating which kind of receptors keeps narcoleptics awake?

Orexin / Orexins

Elimination of the hormones in rats by removal of the ______ glands prevents neuronal loss with chronic stress.

Adrenal / Adrenals

Very high intracellular calcium increases calcium-activated ______ activity, which destroys neurons

Protease / Proteases

Stress-relief drugs act by suppressing the activity of neurons in this area of the brain:

Amygdala

Pathologic spread of tau and ______ plaques in Alzheimer’s occur in a stereotyped fashion along neuroanatomically connected networks

Amyloid / A-beta / Aβ / Beta-amyloid

Exercise increases the production of new neurons, a process that is called ______

Neurogenesis

The ______ neural network is activated when you are not engaged in high-level cognitive tasks.

Default

When you eat less food, your body reduces its ______, making it difficult to lose weight.

Metabolism

Did mice with no amyloid plaques but with elevated intracellular beta amyloid 42 have cognitive loss?

Yes / Y

People with high levels of cortisol (i.e. Cushing’s syndrome) are prone to ______.

Depression / Depressed

ECT works rapidly to relieve ______ for about 85% of patients

Depression

Lithium is effective in treating this kind of depression

Bipolar / Manic

MPTP kills dopamine neurons and induces ______ disease

Parkinson’s / Parkinsons / Parkinson

Cutting the ______ nerve in mice after α-synuclein fibrils were introduced into their gut resulted in mice that did not develop Parkinson’s

Vagus / Vagal

Feelings of fullness occurs when the gut hormone PYY goes up and ______ goes down.

Ghrelin

It takes 12–15 minutes into a meal to experience ______

Satiety / Fullness / Satiation

These individuals eat at a slow constant rate, while bulimics eat at a high constant rate.

Anorexics / Anorexic / Anorexia / AN

Food placed on the tongue can serve as a(n) ______ stimulus for salivary secretion.

Unconditional / Unconditioned / UCS / UC