Organic Chemistry - Aldehydes and Ketones

These flashcards cover key concepts related to aldehydes and ketones from organic chemistry, focusing on naming conventions, reaction mechanisms, and types of reactions.

Aldehydes are named by replacing the terminal –e of the corresponding alkane name with __________.

–al

The –CHO carbon in aldehydes is numbered as __________.

C1

In naming ketones, the terminal –e of the alkane name is replaced with __________.

–one

The prefix __________ is used if other functional groups are present in naming aldehydes and ketones.

oxo-

Hydration of aldehydes and ketones produces __________ or geminal diols.

1,1-diols

The product of nucleophilic reaction between aldehydes and unhindered ketones with HCN is called __________.

cyanohydrin

The addition of hydride reagents to carbonyl compounds yields __________.

alcohols

Nucleophilic addition of alcohols to the carbonyl group yields __________ known as acetals.

hemiacetals

The Wolff-Kishner Reaction involves treatment of an aldehyde or ketone with __________ to convert it to an alkane.

hydrazine

Conjugate addition to α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones involves __________ addition of a nucleophile to a double bond.

1,4-addition