General Science (Physiscs)

The ___ scale is based on a measurement known as absolute zero.

Kelvin

Rows of the periodic table refer to ___. Columns of the periodic table refer to ___.

The number of electron shells in atoms; the number of electrons in the outer shell of atoms

The gaseous state of a substance occurs at a(n) ___ temperature than the liquid state, which occurs at a(n) ___ temperature than the solid state.

Higher; higher

Define sublimination (as it is used in chemestry)

Sublimination is the process by which a solid turns into a gas (without passing through a liquid phase).

When an acid is combined with a base, they produce ___.

Water and salt

When a warm front meets a cold front, a likely result is ___.

Precipitation

Elements whose outer shells are completely filled with electrons are ___.

Noble gases

The pitch of the sound produced by an ambulance’s siren seems to change as it passes you. This is an example of the ___.

Doppler effect

Identify the value and abbreviation of this metric system prefix: kilo

Base times 1,000; k

Identify the value and abbreviation of this system prefix: mega

Base times 1,000,000; M

What is an element’s atomic number?

The number of protons in one of the element’s atoms

Identify the value and abbreviation of this metric system prefix: micro

Base times 0.000001; (the Greek letter mu)

Each row of the periodic table is called a(n) ___.

Period

When light reflects off a surface, the angle of ___ is equal to the angle of ___.

Incidence; reflection (or reflection; incidence)

Can light. Travel through a vacuum?

Yes

Name the levels of taxonomic classification, from the broadest to the most specific category.

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, orders, family, species

The speed of light in a vacuum is approximately ___ meters per second.

300 million

A convex mirror ___ light waves; a convex lens ___ light waves.

Diverges; converges

What is the difference between physical change and chemical change?

A physical change may alter the form, size, and/or shape of matter; a chemical change alters its molecules.

An acid gives up ___ charged hydrogen ions when dissolved in water.

Positively

This is the element box for a chlorine within the merino disc table elements. What do the number 17 and 35.5 indicate?

The atomic number 17: there are 17 protons in a chlorine atom’s nucleus and 17 electrons in the electron cloud. The atomic mass of the chlorine is 35.5.

A type of matter is classified as an element when ___.

It cannot be separated into different types of matter by ordinary chemical methods

The state of matter occurring at lower temperatures in the ___ state.

Solid

What is a vector quantity?

A quantity defined by both a magnitude and a direction

What formula is used to calculate velocity?

V= d/t, where v= velocity (a vector quantity), d= displacement (a vector quantity), and t= time

1 kilometer is how many times larger than 1 millimeter?

1,000,000 (1 million) times larger

1 mm x 1,000 = 1 meter;

1 meter x 1,000 = 1 km

In chemical reactions, the molecules and atoms entering the reaction are called ___, and those resulting from the reaction are called ___.

Reactants; products

Which particle of an atom carries a positive charge? A negative charge? No charge?

Proton; electron; neutron

Can sound travel thorough a vacuum?

No

Red light has a(n) ___ frequency than violet light.

Lower

Acidic substances have a pH ___ than 7;

basic substances have a pH ___ than 7.

lower; higher

An acid with a pH of 5 is ___ times more acidic than an acid with a pH of 6

ten

What is the pH of pure water?

seven

When one atom bonds to another atom by “borrowing” an electron from it, a(n) ___ bond id formed.

ionic

Two atoms with the same number of protons and electrons but different numbers of neutrons are called___.

isotopes

Hight-pitched sound have a(n)___ frequency than low-pitched sounds.

higher

When a gas changes to a liquid, this process is known as ___.

condensation

Water freezes at ___ Kelvin.

273

Name the three ways heat can be transferred from one objects or medium to another.

conduction, convection, radiation

In the metric system, the basic unit of mass or weight is the ___.

gram

What is the formula for converting a temperature expressed in degrees Fahrenheit into a temperature expressed in degrees Celsius?

What are some ways that carbon is removed from the atmosphere?

photosynthesis and absorption

Identify the value and abbreviation of this metric system prefix: deci

0.1; d

When two atoms bond by sharing a pair of electrons, a(n)___ bond is formed.

covalent

Identify the value and abbreviation of this metric system prefix: hecto

100; h

Define atomic mass.

An element’s atomic mass in the mass of a single atom. It can be approximated by adding together the atom’s protons and neutrons. One proton or one neutron has a mass roughly equal to one atomic mass unit (amu).

Absolute zero expressed in degrees Celsius is ___.

-273 C

Identify the value and abbreviation of this metric system prefix: milli

0.001; m

In the metric system, the basic unit of volume is the___.

liter

The ratio by which light is slowed when passing through a medium is referred to as the medium’s___.

refractive index

When heat is transferred through direct contact between two objects, this is known as ___.

conduction

Each column of the periodic table is called a(n) ___.

group

What is the formula for converting a temperature expressed in degrees Celsius into a temperature expressed in degrees Fahrenheit?

F= 9/5C + 32

Identify the value and abbreviation of this metric system prefix: deka

10; da

What light bends due to passing through a medium, this bending is referred to as ___.

refraction

meter

Identify the value and abbreviation of this metric system prefix: centri

0.01; c

Name some types of electromagnetic radiation

Possible answers include: visible light, radio waves, microwaves, ultraviolet waves, infrared waves, X-rays, and gamma rays.

Sound waves travel ___ through metal than through water, and ___ through water than through air.

faster; faster

What is the common name for the larynx?

voice box