Cold War Test

The Red Scare

fear that communists were working to destroy the American way of life and infiltrating the government. Led by the Republican Senator from Wisconsin, Joseph McCarthy

Fidel Castro (Cuba)

Cuban socialist leader who overthrew a dictator in 1959 and established a Marxist socialist state in Cuba (born in 1927)

Joseph Stalin

Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition (1879-1953)

Containment

American policy of resisting further expansion of communism around the world

Domino Theory

A theory that if one nation comes under Communist control, then neighboring nations will also come under Communist control.

The Space Race

A competition of space exploration between the United States and Soviet Union.

Katherine Johnson

Mathematician born in White Sulphur Springs. For 33 years, Johnson worked for NASA doing calculations for manned space flight, including the Apollo 11 moon landing. In 2015, she received the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

Sputnik

First artificial Earth satellite, it was launched by Moscow in 1957 and sparked U.S. fears of Soviet dominance in technology and outer space. It led to the creation of NASA and the space race.

Communism

individual people do not own land, factories, or machinery. Instead, the government or the whole community owns these things. Everyone is supposed to share the wealth that they create

Capitalism

a form of government that uses a free market that is not controlled by the government to let private businesses and people determine the value of products

Democracy

A political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them

Yalta Conference

1945 Meeting with US president FDR, British Prime Minister(PM) Winston Churchill, and and Soviet Leader Stalin during WWII to plan for post-war. Decision to breakup Germany into 4 parts, Berlin into 2, form the UN, and that USSR would have influence in the Eastern Bloc

Potsdam Conference

The final wartime meeting of the leaders of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union was held at Potsdam, outside Berlin, in July, 1945. Truman, Churchill, and Stalin discussed the future of Europe but their failure to reach meaningful agreements soon led to the onset of the Cold War.

Arms Race (Cold War)

US and USSR compete for technological and nuclear supremacy

arms control

restrictions on the research, manufacture, or deployment of weapons systems and certain types of troops

Duck and Cover

Schoolchildren practiced crawling under their desks and putting their hands over their heads to protect themselves from an atomic bomb attack.

Cuban Missile Crisis

The 1962 confrontation between US and the Soviet Union over Soviet missiles in Cuba.

Cuban Revolution

(1958) A political revolution that removed the United States supported Fulgencio Batista from power. The revolution was led by Fidel Castro who became the new leader of Cuba as a communist dictator.

John F. Kennedy

President of the US during the Bay of Pigs Invasion and the Cuban Missile Crisis

Bay of Pigs Invasion

failed invasion of Cuba in 1961 when a force of 1,200 Cuban exiles, backed by the United States, landed at the Bay of Pigs.

Apollo 11

1st successful moon mission by the US in 1969

Neil Armstrong

1st person to walk on the moon; U.S. Apollo 11; July, 1969; his famous words - "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind."

Moonshot

Name of JFK's mission to put someone on the moon and win the Space Race

Harry S. Truman (1945-1953)

a. Atomic bombs dropped (1945) \n b. Yalta Conference (1945) \n c. The beginning of the Baby Boom (1945) \n d. Truman Doctrine (1947) \n e. Marshall Plan (1947) \n f. NATO formed (1949) \n g. Cold War (1946-1991)

Decolonization

The collapse of colonial empires between 1947 and 1962

Olympics 1980 1984

Following the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, the US and 61 other countries decided to boycott this event due to the Russians invading Afghanistan.

Invasion of Afghanistan 1979

On Dec. 27, 1979, the Red Army blitzed across Afghanistan, renewing U.S. fears of Soviet expansion. Carter condemned this action by boycotting the 1980 Olympics in Moscow and embargoing grain to Russia.

Korean War

The conflict between Communist North Korea and Non-Communist South Korea. The United Nations (led by the United States) helped South Korea.

38th Parallel

The line that divided Korea - Soviet Union occupied the north and United States occupied the south, during the Cold War.

Vietnam War: Causes

Beginning 1954 \n \*Vietnam was divided into the Communist North, led by Ho Chi Minh, and the South, supported by the US \n \*The Viet Cong (Communist guerillas) attempted to overthrow Saigon, South Vietnam's capital \n \*South Vietnam asked President Kennedy for aid to fend off the Communists

Gulf of Tonkin Incident

Alleged attack of US ships by North Vietnamese torpedoes in the Tonkin Gulf on August 4, 1964. Prompted the escalation of the War in Vietnam.

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (1964)

a joint resolution of the U.S. Congress passed on August 7, 1964 in direct response to a minor naval engagement known as the Gulf of Tonkin Incident. It is of historical significance because it gave U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson authorization, without a formal declaration of war by Congress, for the use of military force in Southeast Asia. Led to massive escalation of Vietnam War.

Lyndon B. Johnson

\n 36th U.S. President. 1963-1969. Democratic

Vietnam War escalated, 1965

On August 2, 1964, gunboats of North Vietnam allegedly fired on ships of the US Navy stationed in the GULF OF TONKIN. They had been sailing 10 miles off the coast of North Vietnam in support of the South Vietnamese navy. When reports that further firing occurred on August 4, President Johnson quickly asked Congress to respond. With nearly unanimous consent, Congress in the Tonkin Gulf Resolution gave the President a "BLANK CHECK" to wage the war in Vietnam as he saw fit. After LBJ was elected President in his own right that November, he chose to escalate the conflict.

Berlin Wall

A wall separating East and West Berlin built by East Germany in 1961 to keep citizens from escaping to the West

Fall of the Berlin Wall

The removal of the wall that separated East and West Germany in 1989. Symbolized the end of the Cold War.

"Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall"

quote by President Reagan during the war

Vietnamization

President Richard Nixon’s strategy for ending U.S involvement in the vietnam war, involving a gradual withdrawal of American troops and replacement of them with South Vietnamese forces

draft

A law requiring people of a certain age to serve in the military

draft dodging

The active and illegal avoidance of compulsory military service; a.k.a. draft evasion.