Chemistry- States of matter

Q: What are the distinguishing properties of a solid?

A: Fixed shape, fixed volume, not easily compressed, does not flow.

Q: What are the distinguishing properties of a liquid?

A: No fixed shape, fixed volume, not easily compressed, flows easily.

Q: What are the distinguishing properties of a gas?

A: No fixed shape, no fixed volume, easily compressed, fills the container.

Q: Describe particle arrangement in a solid.

A: Particles closely packed in a fixed, regular pattern.

Q: Describe particle motion in a solid.

A: Particles vibrate about fixed positions.

Q: Describe particle separation in a solid.

A: Very small; particles touch each other.

Q: Describe particle arrangement in a liquid.

A: Close together but irregular arrangement.

Q: Describe particle motion in a liquid.

A: Particles slide past each other.

Q: Describe particle separation in a liquid.

A: Small gaps between particles.

Q: Describe particle arrangement in a gas.

A: Particles far apart, random arrangement.

Q: Describe particle motion in a gas.

A: Fast, random movement in all directions.

Q: Describe particle separation in a gas.

Q: Describe particle separation in a gas.

Q: What is melting?

A: Solid → liquid; particles gain energy and break from fixed positions.

Q: What is boiling?

A: Liquid → gas at boiling point; particles gain enough energy to break all forces.

Q: What is evaporation?

A: Liquid → gas below boiling point, only at the surface.

Q: What is condensation?

A: Gas → liquid; particles lose energy and come closer.

Q: Effect of increasing temperature on gas volume?

A: Volume increases because particles move faster and spread out.

Q: Effect of increasing pressure on gas volume?

A: Volume decreases because particles are forced closer together.

Q: What does kinetic particle theory say about temperature?

A: Temperature is the average kinetic energy of particles.

Q: Why does temperature stay constant during melting and boiling?

A: Energy is used to break intermolecular forces, not increase kinetic energy.

Q: Explain, using KPT, why gas volume increases when heated.

A: Particles have more kinetic energy → move faster → collide more → push walls → expand.

Q: Explain, using KPT, why gas volume decreases when pressure increases.

A: Higher pressure forces particles closer → less space → smaller volume.