Diversity

What kingdom are fungi more closely related to than plants?

The animal kingdom

What is the primary component of fungal cell walls?

Chitin

How do fungi primarily obtain nutrients?

They are heterotrophic decomposers with external digestion.

What are the five major phyla of fungi?

Chytridiomycota, Zygomycota, Glomeromycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota.

What are chytrids known for?

They are the only fungi with motile spores.

Which phylum of fungi is commonly recognized as bread and fruit molds?

Zygomycota

What type of relationship do glomeromycetes form?

Symbiotic relationships with plant roots.

What are common examples of ascomycetes?

Lichens and yeast.

Which phylum do mushrooms belong to?

Basidiomycota

What is the structure responsible for producing spores in fungi?

Fruiting body

What is the mass of hyphae that forms the main body of a fungus called?

Mycelium

What is the life cycle phase where fungi primarily exist?

Haploid phase

What happens when two hyphae come in contact?

Their cells fuse to form a diploid dikaryotic cell.

What is the process by which yeast reproduce?

Budding

What is the significance of fungi in the environment?

They recycle nutrients as decomposers.

What antibiotic was discovered in fungi?

Penicillin

What do plants and green algae have in common?

Both contain chlorophyll a and b, have cell walls of cellulose, and store food as starch.

What are the four major groups of plants that evolved from green algae?

Nonvascular plants, seedless vascular plants, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.

What adaptation allows plants to reduce water loss?

The development of cuticle and stomata.

What is the alternation of generations in plants?

Life cycles alternating between diploid sporophytes and haploid gametophytes.

What type of plants are bryophytes?

Seedless non-vascular plants.

What do ferns and their relatives represent?

Seedless vascular plants.

What distinguishes gymnosperms from other plants?

They have seeds that are not enclosed.

What are angiosperms known for?

They are flowering plants with enclosed seeds.

What is the primary habitat for mosses?

Moist environments.

What is the main function of vascular tissues in plants?

To transport water and nutrients throughout the plant.

What type of spores do haploid gametophytes produce?

Haploid gametes.

What happens to the zygote in the fungal life cycle?

It undergoes meiosis to produce four haploid spores.