CSP Unit 2

Computer Device

A machine that can run a program

Computer Network

A group of interconnected computing devices that can send or receive data

Computer System

A collection of hardware and software components that work together to process data, often including the users and data itself

Path

The sequence of connected computing devices, such as routers, that data travels through from a sender to a receiver on a network 

Bandwidth 

The maximum amount of data that can be transferred over a network connection in a given period 

Latency

The time delay it takes for a data packet to travel from its source to its destination

Datastream

A sequence of data elements made available over time, often in near real-time, that is potentially unbounded in size and is typically processed as it arrives

Net Neutrality

The principle that Internet Service Providers (ISPs) must treat all internet data equally, without discriminating or prioritizing based on the source, destination, content, or application of the data

IP

Internet Protocol. A set of rules for routing and addressing data packets on a network, or an IP address, a unique numerical label assigned to each device on a network that uses the IP for communication 

IP Address

A unique numerical label assigned to each device on a computer network that uses the IP for communication

Packets

A small, structured unit of data used for communication over a network

Routers

A networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks by connecting them and directing traffic to the best path for data to travel from a source to a destination

Redundancy 

The duplication of critical components or information to ensure reliability and fault tolerance 

Fault Tolerant

A system’s ability to continue functioning correctly even when one or more of its components fail

Scalability

The ability of a system to handle a growing amount of work or users without a drop in performance

Digital Divide 

The gap between individuals and communities who have access to digital technologies like computers and the internet and those who do not 

UDP

User Datagram Protocol. A computer networking protocol that enables fast, low-latency, and loss tolerating connections for applications like video streaming, online gaming, and VolP. Faster than TCP but less reliable because it doesn’t guarantee packet delivery, order, and retransmission

TCP

Transmission Control Protocol. An important computer science protocol that enables reliable, ordered, and error-checked data delivery over a network. Manages data flow and and ensures that all packets sent from one device arrive at their destination correctly, even if the network is unreliable.

DNS

The Domain Name System. A system that translates website names into IP addresses so computers can find and connect to websites on the Internet. 

HTTP

Hypertext Transfer Protocol. A set of rules that allows computers to communicate and transfer information, such as web pages, over the Internet.

Packet Metadata

Information attached to a data packet that describes details about it, such as its source, destination, size, and how it should be handled during transmission.

World Wide Web

A system of linked web pages and resources on the internet that you can access through a web browser. 

Internet Censorship

The practice of restricting or controlling what people can access, post, or view on the internet.