A & P 314 Lab Exam 3 Quiz 1

Renal hilum

Renal hilum

C, general region

Fibrous capsule

B

renal column

A

Renal cortex

green, region

Renal cortex

Renal medulla

Renal medulla

green, region

Renal pyramid

Renal column

renal pyramid

7

Renal papilla

6

Renal pelvis

4

Major calyx

5b

Minor calyx

5

Arcuate artery

16, red vessel

Segmental artery

D, red vessel

Renal artery

2

Interlobar artery

G, red vessel

Cortical radiate artery

8, red vessel

Afferent arteriole

9

Efferent arteriole

10

Peritubular capillaries

11

Vasa recta

12

Arcuate vein

16, blue vessel

Renal vein

1

Interlobar vein

F, blue vessel

Cortical radiate vein

8, blue vessel

Cortical nephron

A

Juxtamedullary nephron

B

Renal corpuscle

1

Renal corpuscle

general structure

Glomerular capsule

double walled structure enclosing the glomerulus

Glomerular capsule

A and 5, layer

Glomerular capsular space

where the filtrate accumulates

Glomerular capsular space

B, space

Glomerulus

Glomerulus

C

Renal tubule

long series of duct broken into 4 subdivisions

Nephron loop

C, 3, B, general structure

Ascending limb of the nephron loop

C

Descending limb of the nephron loop

B

Distal convoluted tubule

D

Proximal convoluted tubule

A

Collecting duct

6

Ureter

3

Urinary bladder

urinary bladder

D, general organ

Detrusor muscle

detrusor muscle

C, muscle layer

Trigone

A

Urothelium

Ureteral orifice

B

Internal urethral sphincter

F, male and female

External urethral sphincter

E, male and female

Urethra

A

External urethral orifice

B, opening, male and female

Prostatic urethra

A, region

Prostate gland

B, organ

Membranous urethra

C, region

Spongy urethra

D

Renal calculi

Kidney stones, hard deposits made of minerals and salts that form inside your kidneys

Glycosuria

presence of reducing sugars in the urine usually indicating type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus

Proteinuria

high amount of albumins in the urinary tract from the bloodstream. Indicates kidney disease or immune disorders

Ketonuria

Elevated levels of urine ketones (produced in the liver from the breakdown of fats when glucose is not available to the cells for energy) usually indicate type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus. An accumulation of ketones in the blood can lead to ketoacidosis.

Hematuria

blood in the urine, could be from UTI, kidney or bladder stones or cancer, kidney damage, or blood disorders

Hemoglobinuria

hemoglobin is found in abnormally high concentrations in the urine, caused by excessive intravascular hemolysis (lots of destruction of blood cells which releases hemoglobin)

Nitrituria

high amounts of nitrites that form from an enzyme released by bacteria so it indicates a UTI

Bilirubinuria

bilirubin (produced by the liver during the breakdown of heme from RBCs and then released in the bile) in the urine resulting from liver damage or bile duct blockage

Pyuria

elevated levels of WBCs (leukocytes) indicating UTI

4.5-8.0

pH range of normal urine

influences on urine color

result from particular foods (carrots, food coloring, fava beans), dehydration, infections, kidney dysfunction, and medications

influence on specific gravity

tests the urine particle concentration. When higher it indicates dehydration (1.025 to 1.030) and lower could mean overhydration (1.000 to 1.010)

Unorganized Sediment

crystalline in nature, and forms when dissolved chemicals precipitate out of the solution. These are common in urine when someone is dehydrated and will change depending on the pH of the urine

Organized Sediment

cellular in origin and consists of many epithelial cells, casts, erythrocytes, leukocytes, or hyaline tissue. A cast forms when a renal tubule is temporarily plugged with cells and mucus