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DNA Polymerase

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Enzyme that synthesizes DNA molecules from deoxyribonucleotides, using a DNA template.

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Topoisomerase

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Enzyme that relieves strain while DNA is being unwound by DNA helicase.

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Vocabulary flashcards related to molecular biology techniques and concepts discussed in the lecture notes.

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23 Terms

1
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DNA Polymerase

Enzyme that synthesizes DNA molecules from deoxyribonucleotides, using a DNA template.

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Topoisomerase

Enzyme that relieves strain while DNA is being unwound by DNA helicase.

3
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CRISPR

A biotechnology technique used to edit genes within organisms.

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PCR

A laboratory technique for amplifying DNA segments.

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Hybridization Temperature

Temperature at which half of the DNA strands are in the double-helical state and half are in the random coil state.

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Plasmid

A small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule that is distinct from a cell's chromosomal DNA.

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Blunt Ends

Having ends that are flat and even, without any single-stranded overhangs.

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Ligase

Enzyme that catalyzes the joining of two large molecules by forming a new chemical bond.

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Ampicillin

An antibiotic used in molecular biology to select for bacteria that have been successfully transformed with a plasmid containing the ampicillin resistance gene.

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Cohesive Vector

A vector with single-stranded overhangs that can form complementary base pairs with other DNA fragments.

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TOPO TA Cloning

Technique using an enzyme to catalyzes the joining of DNA fragments with complementary overhangs.

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Recombination

A process in molecular biology where DNA fragments with homologous ends are joined together.

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Restriction Site

Specific sequences recognized by restriction enzymes where they cut DNA.

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Micro RNA

Small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by binding to messenger RNA.

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mRNA Degradation

The degradation of mRNA molecules, preventing protein synthesis.

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BAX

A protein that promotes apoptosis (programmed cell death).

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Bioblock

Prefix and suffix sequences flanking a gene, providing restriction sites for assembly.

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3A Assembly

A method of assembling multiple DNA fragments into a vector using compatible restriction sites.

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cDNA

Complementary DNA, synthesized from mRNA using reverse transcriptase.

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T7 Promoter

A specific sequence on a DNA molecule that is recognized by RNA polymerase, initiating transcription.

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Directional Cloning

Having two different restriction sites at the ends of a DNA fragment, ensuring it can only be inserted into a vector in one orientation.

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Cloning Verification

Process of culturing bacterial colonies to confirm successful cloning.

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Partial Digestion

Cutting DNA molecules incompletely, resulting in fragments of various sizes.