Latin American Independence Movement

A comprehensive set of flashcards summarizing the key concepts and events related to the Latin American Independence Movement.

What were the main reasons Spain and Portugal colonized Latin America?

For gold, silver, forests, farming, and the influence of the Catholic Church.

What are the four main social classes in Colonial Latin America?

Peninsulares, Creoles, Mestizos, and Mulattos.

Who were the Peninsulares?

Men born in Spain who could hold high office in colonial government.

What roles did Creoles hold in Colonial Latin America?

Spaniards born in Latin America, could not hold high office but could be military officers.

Who started the war for independence in Mexico?

Miguel Hidalgo.

What was 'el Grito de Dolores'?

The 'Cry of Independence,' a call to fight for Mexican independence from Spain.

Who led the first successful slave revolt in Haiti?

Francois Toussaint-L'Ouverture.

What significant action did Toussaint-L'Ouverture take against French rule in Haiti?

He revolted and ultimately led to the proclamation of Haitian independence in 1804.

What was Simon Bolivar known for?

Leading many Latin American colonies to independence from Spanish rule.

What was the outcome of the Mexican War of Independence?

End of slavery and exploitation of native people.

What was the purpose of the Monroe Doctrine issued in 1823?

To prevent European intervention in the Americas and to recognize Latin American nations as independent.

What year did Mexico gain independence from Spain?

1821.

Which movements inspired Latin American revolutions?

The American and French Revolutions.

Who was Jose de San Martin?

A leader who played a significant role in the liberation of Peru, Argentina, and Chile.

What did the Creoles do in the 1800s in Latin America?

They began to challenge the existing social order and lead independence movements.

Which social group made up the majority in Colonial Latin America?

Indian natives, Africans, mestizos, and mulattos.

What was significant about the Haitian Revolution?

It was a brutal insurrection that resulted in the first successful slave revolt.

What marked the beginning of the Latin American struggle for independence?

Unrest and revolts across the continent, starting in the early 1800s.