Industrial Revolution Overview

These flashcards cover the key concepts and factors that contributed to the Industrial Revolution, focusing on Britain's unique circumstances.

Industrial Revolution

The process by which states transitioned from primarily agrarian economies to industrial economies, moving from hand-made to machine-made goods.

Proximity to waterways

This factor refers to Great Britain's location as an island with many rivers and canals, allowing for efficient transportation of manufactured goods.

Geographic distribution of coal and iron

Britain's abundant natural resources that powered early industrialization, particularly through coal which fueled the production of iron.

Access to foreign resources

Refers to Britain's maritime empire which provided an abundant supply of raw materials essential for industrialization.

Improved agricultural productivity

The increase in food production prior to the Industrial Revolution, due to advanced farming methods, supporting population growth.

Rapid urbanization

The movement of rural populations to cities, driven by the mechanization of farming and the demand for industrial labor.

Legal protection of private property

Laws in Britain that encouraged entrepreneurship by safeguarding the investments of those starting new businesses.

Accumulation of capital

The wealth amassed in Britain, partly due to the slave trade, which allowed capitalists to invest in industrial enterprises.

Factory system

A method of manufacturing developed in the Industrial Revolution where goods were mass produced by machines in a centralized location.

Spinning jenny

A machine used in textile factories that significantly increased the speed of fabric production compared to hand-weaving.