Information Processing Theory (Bilgiyi İşleme Kuramı)

Flashcards covering the foundational structures, processes, and educational strategies of Information Processing Theory based on the lecture by Doç. Dr. Mustafa Uslu.

Information Processing Model

A cognitive learning model proposed by Atkinson, R., & Shiffrin, R. (1968) that compares the human mind's processing of information to a computer, involving gathering, encoding, storing, and retrieving information.

Sensory Register (Duyusal Kayıt)

The memory component responsible for the initial perception of environmental stimuli, holding an exact copy of the information for a very brief duration (less than $0.5$ seconds for some, or about $1$ second for visual and $4$ seconds for auditory information).

Short-term Memory (Kısa Süreli Bellek)

Also known as working memory, it has a limited capacity of approximately $7 \text{ ± } 2$ units of information and a duration of about $20$ seconds unless rehearsed.

Chunking (Gruplama)

The mental process of increasing the effective capacity of short-term memory by relating small pieces of information to form larger, meaningful units.

Encoding (Kodlama)

The process of identifying and transforming information into a symbol, image, or sign to transfer it from short-term memory to long-term memory by relating it to existing knowledge.

Elaboration (Eklemleme/Genişletme)

An encoding strategy that involves expanding new information by forming connections with existing knowledge in long-term memory to make it more memorable and permanent.

Organization (Örgütleme)

The process of grouping information into coherent, consistent structures or formats to provide both associative ease and cognitive economy for retrieval.

Mnemonic Cues (Bellek Destekleyici İpuçları)

The use of images and symbols to create artificial links between information when no natural relationship exists with previous knowledge.

Long-term Memory (Uzun Süreli Bellek)

A memory system characterized by virtually unlimited capacity and permanent storage, where learned information is kept integrated through networks of associations.

Episodic Memory (Anısal Bellek)

The part of long-term memory that stores records of personal life events and experiences, often accompanied by emotions and sensory details like smell or sound.

Semantic Memory (Anlamsal Bellek)

The long-term memory section for general facts, academic concepts, rules, generalizations, and problem-solving skills, stored in networks of propositions and schemas.

Procedural Memory (İşlemsel Bellek)

The memory system for how to perform physical skills or behaviors, consisting of step-by-step procedures that become automatic through repetition.

Proposition (Önerme)

The smallest unit of information in semantic memory that can be judged as either true or false.

Schema (Şema)

Complex data structures containing interconnected ideas, relationships, and actions that organize information systems and guide decision-making and problem-solving.

Metacognition (Üst Biliş)

Defined by Flavell (1979) as an individual's awareness of their own cognitive processes and the ability to control and supervise those processes.

Executive Control (Yürütücü Kontrol)

The internal oversight system in individuals that manages the entire information-processing flow, analogous to a 'program' in a computer.

SQ3R

A five-step metacognitive study strategy consisting of Survey (Inceleme), Question (Soru Sorma), Read (Okuma), Recite (Anlatma), and Review (Tekrar Etme).

PQ4R

An expanded study method for high-level reading tasks involving Preview, Question, Read, Recite, Reflect, and Review.

STOP

A strategy developed by Cope (1990) for evaluating thinking and comprehension, standing for Summarize, Troubleshoot, Organize, and Predict.

Multimedia (Çoklu Ortam)

The integration of various symbol systems such as text, graphics, animation, video, and audio to present content in a way that addresses multiple senses simultaneously.